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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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抗除草剂转基因油菜与野芥菜的杂交1代与5种常规栽培油菜回交后代的适合度
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.11001, PP. 337-344
Keywords: 抗除草剂转基因油菜,基因漂移,野芥菜,常规栽培油菜,回交后代,适合度
Abstract:
抗除草剂转基因油菜（brassicanapus）的抗性基因具有向野芥菜（wildb.juncea）漂移的可能性，为了解野芥菜接受抗性油菜的花粉形成携带抗性基因的f1后，再接受常规栽培油菜的花粉可能产生的影响，以2种f1（野芥菜为母本、抗草甘膦和抗草丁膦转基因油菜分别为父本获得）为母本，5种常规栽培油菜（b.napus）为父本进行回交，统计了回交后每角果的饱满种子粒数和角果长，测定了回交1代（bc1）、回交1代子1代（bc1f1）的萌发率以及抗性基因在后代中的传递频率，并在温室条件下测定了携带抗性基因的bc1以及bc1f1的适合度.结果显示，2种f1和5种常规栽培油菜回交后每角饱满粒数都很少，平均都不超过1粒；bc1以及bc1f1代间出苗率没有显著差异，但都显著低于亲本野芥菜.两种抗性基因在bc1以及bc1f1中都能以49%-62%和52%-64%的频率传递下去.温室条件下各bc1的总适合度没有显著差异，但都显著低于野芥菜，主要原因是各bc1的有效角果数少和每角饱满粒数显著少于野芥菜.从bc1f1的总适合度来看，携带不同抗性基因的f1和同种常规油菜的bc1f1的总适合度没有明显差异，各bc1f1的总适合度和野芥菜也没有显著差异，但繁殖能力还是显著低于亲本野芥菜.相比bc1，其自交产生的bc1f1的繁殖能力有所提高，主要表现在有效角果数和每角饱满种子粒数有较为明显的增加.研究表明转基因油菜的抗性基因通过花粉漂移到野芥菜产生f1后，携带了抗性基因的f1在有大量常规栽培油菜的环境下，存在和常规油菜通过回交产生携带抗性基因的种子的可能性，尽管bc1以及bc1f1的繁殖能力弱，但都能产生后代；常规栽培油菜的基因型对携带抗性基因的f1接受常规栽培油菜的花粉后可能产生的生态风险有一定影响.总之，野芥菜接受转基因油菜的花粉产生f1后又接受常规油菜的花粉而造成的抗性基因逃逸风险较小，但值得关注.
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