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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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洞庭湖区退田还湖过程中小型兽类的生态位特征
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2012.00177, PP. 177-185
Keywords: 小型兽类,啮齿目,食虫目,生态位,退田还湖,洞庭湖区
Abstract:
为了解退田还湖工程实施后的小兽群落状况，2003~2010年对洞庭湖区退田还湖后9种不同类型生境中小型兽类的生态位特征进行了调查.共布放64432夹日，捕获小型兽3066只，总的捕获率为4.76%，包括啮齿目10种和食虫目2种.小型兽类各种群的生态位宽度以褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠最高，分别为0.8198和0.7656，为广生态位的种类；随后依次是臭？、东方田鼠、刺猬、巢鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠、黄毛鼠、针毛鼠，分别为0.6890、0.5737、0.5273、0.4828、0.3948、0.2897、0.2651、0.0985；社鼠和大足鼠最低，仅在1种生境中有捕获.从生态位宽度指数的季节变化看，黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、东方田鼠和臭？在四季的生态位宽度指数均较高.从空间生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数看，除黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠利用生境较广外，洞庭湖小兽群落可分为3个类群：栖息于环湖丘岗林地生境的社鼠、针毛鼠和黄毛鼠类群，以湖滩生境为主的东方田鼠、巢鼠和臭？类群，以及以村庄周围的农田生态系统为主的家鼠类群.从生态位指标和捕获数量看，黑线姬鼠、东方田鼠和褐家鼠是当地需要重点关注的种类.东方田鼠种群数量高峰年份与低谷年份比，其生态位宽度以及与其它种类的生态位重叠指数均较高，高峰年份东方田鼠冬季在双退垸出现，说明退田还湖已扩大了东方田鼠的繁殖基地，对东方田鼠种群发展有利，在种群暴发年份，易形成更加严重的危害.图1表5参23
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