THESINANTHROPUSPOPULATIONOFCHOUKOUTIEN(LOCALITYI)WITHAPRELIMINARYREPORTONNEWDlSCOVERIES

1)ThenewlyfoundspecimensconfirmthefactthatSinanthropusrepresentsanindependenthominidtypedistinctlyinferiortoNeanderthalmanandshowingdefiniteanthropoidpeculiaritiesinmanyfeatures.2)TheteethofSinanthropusexceedinsizethoseofrecentandNeanderthalman.Premolarsandmolarsareverycomplicatedintheirpattern,especiallyinregardtotheabundanceofwrinklesandtheyarehardlyinferiortothoseofchimpanzee,buttheyexceedthemincoarseness.TheuppercanineofSinanthropusislongandwideandprojectsre-markablylikeatuskbeyondthelevelofP.Theuppermilkcanineisisolatedfrombothitsneighborsbygaps,inthedentitionofmilkteeth.Theteethofrecentman,incrownsaswellasinroots,aresimplifiedandreducedincom-parisontothoseofSinanthropus;thisprimitivenessisnotbasicbutasecondaryacquisition.3)Theteeth(milkandpermanent)ofSinanthropusaremorevariableinsizethanthoseofacorrespondingpopulationofrecentman.Therefore,asexualdifferencemustberecognizedlikethatoftheSimiidae.4)Intwo(three)ofthefouradultjawstherearehyperostoses―"Torusmandibularis"―ontheinnersideofthealveolarpart,thelargestofwhichissituatedjustlinguadofthealveolarseptumbetweenP_1andP_2.ThesamepeculiaritymaybefoundinprehistoricandinrecentChinesejawsand,accordingtoFürst,isverycharacteristicoftheMongolianracialgroupofmankind,especiallytheEskimo.5)InSinanthropusallupperincisorsareverymuch.shovel-shaped.ThispeculiaritytooisfoundinthecorrespondingteethoftherecentMongolianraceinsometimesnearly100％ofthepopulation.6)Thefactsmentionedunder4)and5)seemtoprovethatSinan-thropustakeshisplaceinthedirectlineleadingtorecentmanandthatamongpresent-daymankindtheMongoliangrouphastheclosestrelationtoPekingman.7)Aninventory,ofallspecimensofLocality1leadstothecon-clusionthatthepopulationofChoukoutienmusthavebeencomposedofatleast10children,2adolescentsand12adults;perhapsonehalfoftheseweremaleandtheotherhalffemale.8)Mostoftheseindividualsarerepresentedbyteethorjawsonly,somebyskullfragmentsandtwoorthreebyspecimensofbodybones.Themissingbonescannothavebeenlostduringthefillingupofthecaveorthefossilizationprocessorduringthesubsequentexcavations,butmusthavebeenabsentalreadywhentheboneswereimbeddedintherocks.9)TheSinanthropusremainsmusthavebeenbroughtintothecaveaspartsalreadyseveredfromthebody;perhapstheyrepresenttrophiesor,moreprobably,thehuntingspoilofheadhunters.10)ThereisnottheleastindicationthatthishunterwasanotherandmoreadvancedhominidtypethanSinanthropushimself.SinanthropuswasthebearerofthecavecultureofChoukoutien,thefire-makerandthemanu-factureoftheimplements,perhapsalsoboththehunterandthecannibalwhopreyedonpeopleofhisownkind.