马晓春. 应加深对脓毒症微循环功能障碍的认识[J]．中国危重病急救医学, 2011, 23(2): 66-67. [2]周红, 刘鑫, 郑江．脓毒症治疗——挑战与机遇并存[J]．第三军医大学学报, 2013, 35(2): 91-94. [3]Jansen T C, van-Bommel J, Schoonderbeek F J, et al. Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial[J]．Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 182(6): 752-761. [4]Jones A E, Shapiro N I, Trzeciak S, et al. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2010, 303(8): 739-746. [5]Mekontso-Dessap A, Castelain V, Anguel N, et al. Combination of venoarterial PCO？2 difference with arteriovenous O？2 content difference to detect anaerobic metabolism in patients[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2002, 28(3): 272-277. [6]Monnet X, Julien F, Ait-Hamou N, et al. Lactate and venoarterial carbon dioxide difference/arterial-venous oxygen difference ratio, but not central venous oxygen saturation, predict increase in oxygen consumption in fluid responders[J]. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(6): 1412-1420. [7]刘大为．实用重症医学[M]．北京：人民卫生出版社，2010: 383-384. [8]van-Beest P A, Hofstra J J, Sehuhz M J, et al. The incidence of low venous oxygen saturation on admission to the intensive care unit: a multi-center observational study in the Netherlands [J]. Crit Care, 2008, 12(2): R33. [9]Kruse O, Grunnet N, Barfod C. Blood lactate as a predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted acutely to hospital: a systematic review[J]. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2011, 19: 74. [10]姚泰. 生理学[M]. 2版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2010: 307-308. [11]Randall H M Jr, Cohen J J. Aneaerobic CO2 production by dog kidney ？in vitro？ [J]. Am J Physiol, 1966, 211(2): 493-505. [12]赵红杰, 黄英姿, 刘艾然, 等. 动静脉血二氧化碳分压差评价感染性休克患者疾病严重程度与预后的意义[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2012, 51(6): 437-440. [13]West J B. Gas transport to the periphery: how gases are moved to the peripheral tissues?[M]．West J B. Respiratory physiology, the essentials. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1990, 69-85.
