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大豆科学  2015 

三种大豆种子贮藏蛋白亚基缺失种质的筛选与鉴定

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.01.0001

Keywords: 大豆种质创新,贮藏蛋白,亚基缺失,创制,评价

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Abstract:

蛋白质组分改良是国内外大豆蛋白质品质育种的研究热点之一。大豆种子贮藏蛋白主要包括11S球蛋白和7S-β伴大豆球蛋白,它们也是大豆蛋白营养价值和功能特性的决定组分。利用我国自然突变产生的亚基缺失体材料通过聚合育种,并经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)分析鉴定表明:已获得A3+α’亚基缺失、只含有β亚基、只含有α+β亚基、只含有α’+β亚基、只含有7S亚基和A5A4B3亚基缺失、A2A1aA1b含量极低、B1aB1bB2含量极低等系列单缺、双缺、多缺的贮藏蛋白亚基组成类型新种质,其中A3+α’亚基缺失、只含有α+β亚基、只含有7S亚基3种种质均能正常生长、结实,并稳定遗传;只含7S亚基类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白的7S组分总量含量最高;A3+α’亚基缺失类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白11S组分总含量最高;在11S+7S组分总量上由高到低依次是A3+α’亚基缺失类型>只含7S亚基类型>只含α+β亚基类型;11S/7S比值的变异范围在0.14~1.27。三种类型种质完熟期基本在105~111d;百粒重基本一致;A3+α’亚基缺失类型大豆单株产量最高平均为55.12g;只含α+β亚基类型蛋脂总量最低为57.6%,蛋白质含量由高到低依次为只含7S亚基类型、A3+α’亚基缺失类型、只含α+β亚基类型,脂肪含量由高到低依次为:只含α+β亚基类型、只含7S亚基类型、A3+α’亚基缺失类型。

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