OALib Journal期刊
Esterificationoflevulinicacidintoethyllevulinatecatalysedbysulfonatedhydrothermalcarbons
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60125-X
Keywords: Sulfonatedhydrothermalcarbons ,Glucose ,Cellulose ,Ryestraw ,Esterification ,Levulinicacid ,Ethyllevulinate
Abstract:
？Thesynthesisofcarbon-based,heterogeneoussulphoniccatalystsfortheproductionoflevulinateesters.Hydrothermaltreatmentatmoderatedtemperatureswasemployedtogeneratehighlyfunctionalcarbonaceousmaterials,referredtoashydrothermalcarbons(HTCs),frombothglucose,celluloseandryestraw.Theproductsweresulfonatedtogeneratesolidacid-catalysts.Characterisationoftheas-synthesisedmaterialsaswellascatalystactivitytestswereperformed.SEMimagesindicatethemicrometre-sizedparticlespresentinbothHTCswerelargelyunaffectedbysulfonation,althoughcellulose-derivedHTCdisplayedsignsofinadequatehydrolysis.FT-IRspectroscopyandelementalanalysisconfirmedsuccessfulincorporationofsulphonicgroups.13CsolidstateNMR,inadditiontoTGA,elucidatedthecarbons'structuralcompositionandsupportedthecommonly-proposedhydrothermalcarbonisationmechanism.Finally,thecatalystsweretestedvialevulinicacid-ethanolesterificationandgavehighconversionandester-selectivities(>90%).
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