%0 Journal Article
%T Esterificationoflevulinicacidintoethyllevulinatecatalysedbysulfonatedhydrothermalcarbons
%A Filoklis D. Pileidis
%A Maham Tabassum
%A Sam Coutts
%A Maria-Magdalena Titirici
%J ´ß»¯Ñ§±¨
%P 929-936
%D 2014
%R 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60125-X
%X £¿Thesynthesisofcarbon-based,heterogeneoussulphoniccatalystsfortheproductionoflevulinateesters.Hydrothermaltreatmentatmoderatedtemperatureswasemployedtogeneratehighlyfunctionalcarbonaceousmaterials,referredtoashydrothermalcarbons(HTCs),frombothglucose,celluloseandryestraw.Theproductsweresulfonatedtogeneratesolidacid-catalysts.Characterisationoftheas-synthesisedmaterialsaswellascatalystactivitytestswereperformed.SEMimagesindicatethemicrometre-sizedparticlespresentinbothHTCswerelargelyunaffectedbysulfonation,althoughcellulose-derivedHTCdisplayedsignsofinadequatehydrolysis.FT-IRspectroscopyandelementalanalysisconfirmedsuccessfulincorporationofsulphonicgroups.13CsolidstateNMR,inadditiontoTGA,elucidatedthecarbons'structuralcompositionandsupportedthecommonly-proposedhydrothermalcarbonisationmechanism.Finally,thecatalystsweretestedvialevulinicacid-ethanolesterificationandgavehighconversionandester-selectivities(>90%).
%K Sulfonatedhydrothermalcarbons
%K Glucose
%K Cellulose
%K Ryestraw
%K Esterification
%K Levulinicacid
%K Ethyllevulinate
%U http://www.chxb.cn/CN/abstract/abstract21355.shtml