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基于运动微分约束的无人车辆纵横向协同规划算法的研究

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2013.02012, PP. 2012-2020

Keywords: 无人车辆,运动微分约束,纵横向规划,车辆控制

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Abstract:

?为了满足在动态环境中快速行驶的要求,现有无人车辆普遍采用在传统规划系统的两层结构(路径规划-路径跟踪)之间增加局部规划的方法,通过在路径跟踪的同时进行避障来减少耗时的全局路径重规划.本文针对这种三层结构规划系统存在的问题,提出基于运动微分约束的纵横向协同规划算法,在真实环境中实现速度不超过40km/h的无人驾驶.根据车辆的实时运动状态,用高阶多项式模型在预瞄距离内对可行驶曲线进行建模,不仅使行驶过程中的转向平稳,而且在较高速时仍具有良好的路径跟踪能力.由横向规划提供横向安全性的同时,在动力学约束的速度容许空间中进行纵向规划,实现平顺的加速与制动,并保证了纵向安全性和侧向稳定性.该算法根据实时的局部环境自动决定纵横向期望运动参数,不需要人为设定行驶模式或调整参数.采用该算法的无人驾驶平台在2011年和2012年智能车未来挑战赛的真实交通环境中,用统一的程序框架顺利完成全程的无人驾驶.

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