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末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期中国沙漠沙地的空间格局

DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5919-7, PP. 0-0

Keywords: 中国沙漠,北方沙地,空间变化,末次盛冰期,全新世大暖期,光释光测年

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Abstract:

末次盛冰期(简称LGM,约26~16ka)和全新世大暖期(简称HO,约9~5ka)是地球气候系统演化过程中两个具有代表性的时间段,分别以较为干冷和暖湿为特征.中国北方分布的大面积沙漠、沙地如何响应LGM和HO的气候,对于理解这些地区的环境变化机理和检验古气候模型等至关重要.本文结合长期野外调查、光释光测年和环境替代性指标测试,以及前人的研究成果,重建了两个特征气候期中国沙漠、沙地的空间分布.结果表明,相对于现代沙漠和沙地的面积,在LGM时期中国北方东部的毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地的面积分别扩大了25%,37%,38%和2.7倍;青藏高原东北部共和盆地沙地的面积扩大了20%;北方中部的巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠面积分别扩张了约39%和29%;西北地区的塔克拉玛干沙漠、古尔班通古特沙漠、库姆塔格沙漠面积扩张了10%~20%.在HO时期,中国北方的毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地、共和盆地沙地等被砂质土壤覆盖,流动沙丘基本被固定,流沙面积收缩约100%;而塔克拉玛干沙漠、库姆塔格沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠周边有5%~20%的面积被砂质黄土覆盖,沙漠中仍然广泛分布流动沙丘;同期,湖泊面积可能扩大,但需要进一步查证.中国沙漠、沙地在LGM和HO时期空间分布的变化是对区域气候变化的直接响应;现代的人类活动扩大了受气候控制的流动沙丘分布范围.

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