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科学通报  2014 

餐厨垃圾的微波干燥特性及动力学模型

DOI: 10.1360/972013-394, PP. 936-942

Keywords: 微波干燥,餐厨垃圾,动力学模型,动力学参数,活化能

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Abstract:

为了探索餐厨垃圾有效干燥的新途径,对餐厨垃圾进行了微波干燥试验,并建立了微波干燥的动力学模型.试验表明,微波干燥具有显著的节能效果,同样的装载量,微波干燥的能耗不足电热干燥能耗的10%.微波功率与装载量都对干燥特性影响很大,选择恰当的装载量与微波功率既能保证干燥的质量,又可降低干燥单位质量垃圾的能耗.动力学分析表明,建立的动力学模型能较好地描述餐厨垃圾的微波干燥过程,拟合相关系数均大于0.94.餐厨垃圾干燥的活化能为16.00kJ/mol左右、物质获得非热效应能以及指前因子的增大,是微波加快干燥速率的主要原因.微波使干燥过程的反应级数增加,而增大微波强度又有降低反应级数n的作用,非热效应能占比系数β可能与物质的结构、种类、体积等因素有关.

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