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道路侵蚀研究进展

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2006.06.006, PP. 52-61

Keywords: 道路建设,道路侵蚀,道路侵蚀防治,道路侵蚀估算

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Abstract:

道路建设的加速会引发道路侵蚀的加剧,继而对生态环境产生很大的压力,为了减轻或控制道路侵蚀,必须了解道路侵蚀的特征,找出有效的防治措施。道路建设是对当地地形的改造,开挖以及填埋等扰动活动,会在原来地貌上形成不同的微地形,它们各有特点,形成不同的侵蚀特征。不同的道路部位侵蚀机理和侵蚀过程差别很大,现有研究对各个部位的侵蚀强度进行了比较,但结果并不一致。与其他用地相比,道路用地显著的改变了土壤的物理水文性质,加速了产流产沙过程。尤其对一个流域而言,道路的线性特征使其成为汇流引流的重要途径,直接影响着流域的行洪泄洪,而在这方面的研究较少。道路侵蚀预报仍然集中在经验统计模型的研究上,由于经验模型固有的弊端,不能明确反映侵蚀的机理,物理模型的研究更加迫切,尤其结合已有的农地侵蚀的过程模型更是加强的重点。道路侵蚀的防治措施主要包括工程措施,生物措施以及两者的组合,其水保效益都比较明显,但也往往受到当地自然环境和经济条件的限制。本文总结了国内外道路侵蚀研究成果,结合存在的问题指出了今后加强研究的重点,对理解道路侵蚀机理,开展道路侵蚀防治具有一定的指导意义。

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