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高速公路双波护栏对客车碰撞的防护性能仿真研究与改进

, PP. 134-140

Keywords: 汽车工程,改进型W护栏,有限元法,防护性能

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Abstract:

采用有限元分析方法,基于客车碰撞规范中A级护栏和B级护栏防护性能的要求,建立了两种护栏以及客车的有限元模型。利用LS-DYNA软件进行了客车与护栏碰撞仿真和护栏结构改进分析。根据碰撞条件规范,模拟了客车以60km/h和40km/h速度,20°的角度分别与两种护栏碰撞的过程,以计算得出的客车加速度,运动轨迹和护栏的最大动态位移为参数评价了波形梁的防护性能。结果显示客车与两护栏碰撞的加速度均小于20g,客车运行轨迹平稳正常,但B级护栏吸能为47.8kJ,只占客车与护栏碰撞耦合系统中总吸能的41.4%。且A级护栏最大动态变形量为986mm逼近允许值1000mm。这说明两种护栏的防护性能较差,且安全性能亟待提高,故对两护栏分别通过增加吸能结构进行了改进分析。改进后的B级护栏吸能为68.3kJ,提高了43.3%;改进后的A级护栏最大变形量减小到898mm,明显改善了绊翻和骑跨现象的风险。

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