Objective. The aim of study was to determine the in vivo antioxidant activity of newly formulated O/W cream of methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves. Methods. Oil in water (O/W) creams (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), cream base, methanolic extract of C. tora L. leaves (CTM), and standard (0.05% tretinoin cream) were screened for in vivo antioxidant activity. The ultraviolet- (UV-) B-induced rats were treated with different standard, O/W creams, cream base, and methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves (CTM). The parameters like lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were assessed. Results. The result of acute dermal toxicity shows that the creams were safe up to 2000？mg/kg (topically). Exposure of ultraviolet light of medium wave (UV-B light) decreased the level of GSH, CAT, and SOD and increased the LPO level. Concluding Remarks. We conclude that topical O/W creams of C. tora L. prevent the oxidative stress induced in rats by exposure to UV-B light by virtue of its in vivo antioxidant property, and these findings help to understand the mechanism of the antipsoriatic activity of O/W creams of C. tora L. in UV-B-induced psoriasis in the rat. 1. Introduction N. P. Kansara found a potent antipsoriatic activity of O/W creams of Cassia tora L. in ultraviolet- (UV) -B-induced psoriasis in the rat. Aerobic organisms produce reactive oxygen species during normal respiration and inflammatory conditions. Exercise can create an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant levels, a situation known as oxidative stress. Indeed, oxidative stress resulting from acute exercise in unadapted and adapted subjects has been proposed to damage enzymes, protein receptors, lipid membranes, and DNA [1].The plant C. tora L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is traditionally claimed to be useful in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases [2, 3]. C. tora L. leaves enriched in glycosides and also containing aloe-emodin may be beneficial for the skin diseases [4]. C. tora L. has been reported to possess a significant antioxidant activity in in vitro activity by using DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) method [5]. In these antioxidant assays, the volatile oil from C. tora L. demonstrated 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity in the concentration range from 20 to 500？μg/mL, with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value at 137？μg/mL; it also showed a significant inhibitory effect against hydroxyl radicals with an IC50 value of 67？μg/mL, lower than that of quercetin (IC50 = 8.15？μg/mL), but superior
References
[1]
C. Leeuwenburgh and J. W. Heinecke, “Oxidative stress and antioxidants in exercise,” Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 829–838, 2001.
[2]
C. P. Khare, Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2007.
[3]
J. A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, CRC Press, Florida, Fla, USA, 2nd edition, 2002.
[4]
T. K. Maity, S. C. Mandal, T. Bhakta, M. Pal, and B. P. Saha, “Metabolism of 1,8-dihydroxy 3-hydroxy methyl anthraquinone (Aloe-emodin) isolated from the leaves of Cassia tora in albino rats,” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 459–460, 2001.
[5]
Y. Zhang, D. Wei, S. Guo, X. Zhang, M. Wang, and F. Chen, “Chemical components and antioxidant activity of the volatile oil from Cassia tora L. seed prepared by supercritical fluid extraction,” Journal of Food Lipids, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 411–423, 2007.
[6]
Environmental Protection Agency, RadTown USA, UV Tanning Equipment.
[7]
G. J. Fisher, Z. Wang, S. C. Datta, J. Varani, S. Kang, and J. J. Voorhees, “Pathophysiology of premature skin aging induced by ultraviolet light,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 337, no. 20, pp. 1419–1428, 1997.
[8]
M. Singhal and N. Kansara, “Cassia tora Linn creamInhibits ultraviolet-B-induced psoriasis in rats,” ISRN Dermatology, vol. 2012, Article ID 346510, 6 pages, 2012.
[9]
S. Saraf and S. Saraf, Cosmetics a Practical Manual, PharmaMed Press, 2nd edition, 2009.
[10]
ICH Guidelines, “Stability testing of Now Drug Substances and Products,” 1993.
[11]
H. Nakaguma, T. Kambara, and T. Yamamoto, “Rat ultraviolet ray B photodermatitis: an experimental model of psoriasis vulgaris,” International Journal of Experimental Pathology, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 65–73, 1995.
[12]
H. G. Vogel, Drug Discovery and Evaluation—Pharmacological Assays, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2nd edition, 2002.
[13]
A. A. Joharapurkar, S. P. Zambad, M. M. Wanjari, and S. N. Umathe, “In vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity of alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia Linn. and its influence on ethanol-induced immunosuppression,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 232–236, 2003.
[14]
M. Sumanth and A. C. Rana, “In vivo antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Taraxacum officinale roots in rats,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 54–55, 2006.
[15]
A. V. Krishnaraju, C. V. Rao, T. V. N. Rao, K. N. Reddy, and G. Trimurtulu, “In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Aphanamixis polystachya bark,” American Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 60–67, 2009.
[16]
V. Gupta and S. Sharma, “Plants as natural antioxidants,” Natural Product Radiance, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 326–334, 2006.
[17]
W. Goettsch, J. Garssen, F. R. De Gruijl, P. Dortant, and H. Van Loveren, “Methods for exposure of laboratory animals to ultraviolet radiation,” Laboratory Animals, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 58–67, 1999.
[18]
S. K. Katiyar, F. Afaq, A. Perez, and H. Mukhtar, “Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress,” Carcinogenesis, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 287–294, 2001.
