Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-1): implications for autoimmune diseases Vírus linfotrópico de células T humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1): implica es em doen as autoimunes

Autoimmunity is characterized by tissue destruction that implicates functional damages caused by self-reactive cells that escape self-tolerance mechanisms. Autoimmune diseases can be initiated by viral infections and the study of the association between these viruses and autoimmunity has advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases. The Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-1) is a deltavirus that infects preferentially lymphocytes. Retrovirus particles like has been identified in patients with autoimmune diseases. Therefore this review had by objective approach the main aspects involving HTLV-1 with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies show that retroviruses can integrate their genetic material in host DNA, changing the expression gene profile related with apoptosis and immunologic system molecules. It’s known that HTLV-1 can cause different clinical manifestations in their careers and the mechanisms that triggers the HTLV-1 associated autoimmune diseases are not well known. Besides the perpetuation and marked production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, studies have demonstrated that both Th17 cells and T regulatory cells (Tregs) are involved in autoimmune diseases pathogenesis. Therefore the HTLV-1 viral particles recognized could be used as a risk marker in the development of autoimmune diseases. A autoimunidade é caracterizada pela destrui o tecidual, que acarreta danos funcionais, causados por células autoreativas que escapam dos mecanismos de autotolerancia. Doen as autoimunes podem ser iniciadas por infec es virais e o estudo da associa o entre essas viroses e a autoimunidade tem possibilitado melhor conhecimento dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nas doen as autoimunes. O vírus linfotrópico de células T humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1) é um delta vírus que infecta preferencialmente linfócitos. Partículas semelhantes aos retrovírus foram identificadas em pacientes com doen as autoimunes. Portanto, esta revis o teve por objetivo abordar os principais aspectos envolvendo HTLV-1 com o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e artrite reumatóide. Estudos demonstram que retrovírus podem integrar seu material genético no DNA do hospedeiro, alterando o perfil de express o de genes relacionados a apoptose ou a moléculas do sistema imunológico. Sabe-se que o HTLV pode causar diferentes manifesta es clínicas em seus portadores e os mecanismos pelos quais se desencadeiam as doen as autoimunes associadas ao HTLV-1 n o est o bem esclarecidos. Além da perpetua o e produ o acentuada de citocinas próinf