Formation of gradient surface layers on high speed steel by laser surface alloying process

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is focused on the high speed steel HS6-5-3-8 surface layers improvement properties using HPDL laser. The paper present laser surface technologies, investigation of structure and properties of the high speed steel alloying with the WC, VC, TiC, SiC, Si3N4 and Al2O3 particles using high power diode laser HPDL.Design/methodology/approach: Investigation indicate the influence of the alloying elements on the structure and properties of the surface layer of investigated steel depending on the kind of alloying carbides, oxides, nitrides and power implemented laser (HPDL).Findings: Laser alloying of surface layer of investigated steel without introducing alloying additions into liquid molten metal pool, in the whole range of used laser power, causes size reduction of dendritic microstructure with the direction of crystallization consistent with the direction of heat carrying away from the zone of impact of laser beam. In the effect of laser alloying with powder of the WC, VC, TiC, SiC, Si3N4and Al2O3 particles occurs size reduction of microstructure as well as dispersion hardening through fused in but partially dissolved particles and consolidation through enrichment of surface layer in alloying additions coming from dissolving elements. Introduced particles of carbides, oxides, nitrides and in part remain undissolved, creating conglomerates being a result of fusion of undissolved powder grains into molten metal base. In effect of convection movements of material in the liquid state, conglomerates of carbides arrange themselves in the characteristic of swirl. Practical implications: Laser surface modification has the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of these technologies for forming the surfaces of new tools and regeneration of the used ones.Originality/value: The structural mechanism was determined of surface layers development, effect was studied of alloying parameters, gas protection method, and method of applied onto the steel surface on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer, and especially on its hardness and microhardness.