SIMPLE PAST TENSE MARKERS IN TURKISH AND SOME AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES IN TERMS OF EVIDENTIALITY DEL LE DAYALILIK BAKIMINDAN TüRK YE TüRK ES LE BAZI KIZILDER L D LLER NDE BAS T EK ML GE M ZAMANLAR

This descriptive study examines the term ‘evidentiality’ within the context of Turkish of Turkey and some American Indian languages. In the broadest sense, as a linguistic category evidentiality is the morphological indication of an event that takes place in the past and the relation of this event to the speaker. It is a kind of ‘verification system’ that languages mark with affixes, conveying the perspective of the speaker. The witnessed past tense marker –DI and the reported past tense marker –mI in Turkish are two good examples of evidentiality. It is a cross-linguistic phenomenon that specifies whether the speaker has witnessed the event or learned it from somebody else. It can be seen at various levels in several languages. Starting from two the number of suffixes added to the verb stems indicating the position of the speaker with respect to the event may go up to as many as six. In this study, examples from some American Indian languages spoken in North America and Turkish of Turkey will be examined. Bu al ma Türkiye Türk esi ve baz K z lderili dilleri ba lam nda ‘delile dayal l k’ terimini incelemektedir. Dilbilgisel bir s n f olarak delile dayal l k, en geni anlam yla baz dillerde, bir konu ucunun s yledi i s zün kayna n ge mi zaman g steren bi imbirimsel yap larla dinleyiciye aktarmas demektir. Anlat lan ‘do rulama sistemi’ veya anlat c n n olay kar s ndaki konumu olarak da nitelendirilebilen bu dil bilgisel kategori kendini en iyi ekilde Türkiye Türk esinde g rülen ge mi zaman (-DI) ve renilen ge mi zaman (-mI ) ay r m nda g sterir. Farkl dillerde e itli seviyelerde kar la lan bu dil olay nda anlat c n n olay g rüp g rmedi i veya farkl kaynaklardan duyup duymad morfolojik yollarla vurgulan r. De i ik dillerde fiile eklenerek konu ucuyu konumland ran eklerin say s ikiden alt ya kadar kabilmektedir. Bu al mada Kuzey ve Güney Amerika’da konu ulan baz K z lderili dilleri ve Türkiye Türk esi rnekleri ele al nmaktad r.