Introducción al formalismo gauge con ligaduras en los casos clásico y cuántico

The dynamic equations variationally derived from a principle of stationary action, together with the imposition of certain constraints to the associated gauge symmetries have proven to be one of the most powerful methods in the analytic treatment of extensive areas of Physics, both quantum and classical. This paper traces the main lines of its conceptual development as well as some of the problems that this procedure still suffers in the quantum (empirical implications of supersymmetry) and classical domains (a proper gauge interpretation of the time variable).