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Jan 15, 2026Open Access
Perceived sovereign risk in the country by potential investors has had the effect of increasing the cost of doing business in Zimbabwe. This has resulted in investors looking to other markets to deploy their capital. While other countries in the region like Mozambique have seen an upsurge in foreign direct investment, Zimbabwe has witnessed a relative decline in foreign direct investment due to perceived sovereign risk. Therefore, the main motivation of the study was to investigate the main risk...
Jan 06, 2026Open Access
This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...
Dec 10, 2025Open Access
This study examined the relationship between digital transformation (DT) adoption and competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities (DC) frameworks, the research investigated how DT resources and capabilities translate into cost efficiency, differentiation, agility, and innovation. A descriptive and explanatory survey design was adopted, targeting registered SMEs in Masvingo and Zvishavane across manufa...
Dec 08, 2025Open Access
Agriculture continues to play a significant role in Tanzania’s economy, offering employment opportunities, ensuring food security, and generating revenue through exports. In recent years, China has emerged as one of Tanzania’s key trading partners. The primary exports from Tanzania to China include agricultural products such as tobacco, cashew nuts, coffee, and sesame. Despite the optimistic prospects, the trade relationship encounters strategic and structural challenges that necessitate further...
Nov 24, 2025Open Access
This research investigates the optimization of the marketing strategy for Pierre Cardin Cosmetics in the Angolan market. Despite its global brand equity, Pierre Cardin remains a marginal player in Angola’s growing cosmetics industry, characterized by low brand awareness, limited market penetration, and insufficient consumer engagement. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from 250 consumer surveys with qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups condu...
Nov 21, 2025Open Access
The construction and development of a carbon market is vital to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the transition to a green low-carbon economy in China, especially given the country’s long-term target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060. Moreover, China’s carbon market faces significant challenges ranging from data collection issues and lack of transparency to inconsistency of policies and fragmented regulations. Through a systematic review of 160 peer-reviewed papers and policy d...
Nov 12, 2025Open Access
This article compares the marketing strategies and performance of Emirates Airlines and Qatar Airways. While Emirates has historically led with luxury branding and sponsorships, recent gaps in customer engagement and adaptive marketing have allowed Qatar Airways to excel. Qatar Airways’ focus on customer-centric service, digital innovation, and agile marketing has earned it top accolades, including repeated Skytrax awards. On the other hand, we realize that Emirates’ declining quality of custome...
Sep 08, 2025Open Access
Prompt engineering is becoming a key skill in hotel management, as it enables the formulation of clear, contextual instructions for artificial intelligence, thereby enhancing the speed, personalisation, and efficiency of hotel services. Managers are no longer just users of technology; they actively shape how AI is applied through five phases: contextualisation, goal definition, refinement, evaluation, and integration. This leads to measurable improvements in operations and guest satisfaction, al...
Aug 14, 2025Open Access
The main objective of this study was to examine tourist satisfaction with selected elements of the gastronomic offer in the city of Split. Satisfaction is increasingly becoming the core reason why tourists choose certain destinations, especially as global tourism shifts from sightseeing to experience-based travel. Gastronomy, once perceived merely as a complementary element of the tourist experience, now serves as a strategic factor in destination branding, emotional engagement, and loyalty buil...
Aug 06, 2025Open Access
The study tests whether algorithmically personalized ads increase impulse buying, with pre purchase perceived value (price, emotional, social) as mediator and the traits extraversion and agreeableness as moderators. Survey data from 106 social media users were analyzed using SPSS regression procedures. The authors report significant direct, mediated and moderated effects, concluding that emotional and social value perceptions amplify impulsive buying, especially for highly extraverted or agreeab...
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