Tobacco smoke contains mutagenic chemicals that are in the “probably carcinogenic” or “possibly carcinogenic” categories. In addition to free radicals, cigarette smoke is also rich in combustion toxic gases that can reach a very high concentration and become involved in more radical formation. Tobacco smoke contains a mixture of chemicals, including a host of reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others, that can damage cellular and sub-cellular targets, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid...

Oncology  Biochemistry 

Doi:-

The ability to study bacteria at the single cell level has advanced our insights into microbial physiology and genetics in ways not attainable by studying large populations using more traditional culturing methods. To improve methods to characterize bacteria at the cellular level, we developed a new microfluidic platform that enables cells to be exposed to metabolites in a gradient of concentrations. By designing low-cost, three-dimensional devices with adhesive tapes and tailoring them for bact...

Electric Engineering  Biological Materials  Mycology  Biological Chemistry  Veterinary Medicine  Molecular Biology  Toxicology  Computer Engineering  Microbiology  Biochemistry  Agricultural Engineering  Biodiversity  Developmental Biology  Bioengineering  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences  Biological Engineering  Biotechnology  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Hydrology  Genomics  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Analytical Chemistry 

Doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b01031

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. To assess the severity of nematode infestations in the field, SCN egg population densities are determined. Cysts (dead females) of the nematode must be extracted from soil samples and then ground to extract the eggs within. Sucrose centrifugation commonly is used to separate debris from suspensions of extracted nematode eggs. We present a method using OptiPrep as a density gradie...

Veterinary Medicine  Taxonomy  Automata  Agricultural Engineering  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences  Animal Behavior  Agricultural Science  Biological Engineering  Genomics  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Electric Engineering  Industrial Engineering  Computer Engineering  Biochemistry  Biodiversity  Bioengineering  Geology  Hydrology  Parasitology  Plant Science  Soil Science  Synthetic Biology  Agronomy 

Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223386

A hallmark of bacterial populations cultured in vitro is their homogeneity of growth, where the majority of cells display identical growth rate, cell size and content. Recent insights, however, have revealed that even cells growing in exponential growth phase can be heterogeneous with respect to variables typically used to measure cell growth. Bacterial heterogeneity has important implications for how bacteria respond to environmental stresses, such as antibiotics. The phenomenon of antimicrobia...

Ecology  Developmental Biology  Agricultural Engineering  Environmental Sciences  Artificial Intelligence  Biological Engineering  Genomics  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Diagnostics  Biological Materials  Electric Engineering  Genetic Engineering  Industrial Engineering  Computer Engineering  Health Policy  Biochemistry  Biodiversity  Bioengineering  Bioinformatics  Biophysics  Biotechnology  Computational Biology  Cell Biology  Infectious Diseases  Immunology  Internal Medicine  Metabolic Sciences  Medical Genetics  Allergy & Clinical Immunology  Zoology  Biological Chemistry  Applied Physics  Taxonomy  Medicinal Chemistry  Agricultural Science  Analytical Chemistry  Mycology  Public Health  Mathematical Biology  Marine Biology  Molecular Biology  Microbiology  Global Health  Parasitology  Plant Science  Translational Medicine  Soil Science  Synthetic Biology  Materials Engineering 

Doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00249

The existence of dextran in sugar cane juice is a major problem in the sugar industry, causing substantial losses. Treatment of dextran through enzymatic hydrolysis using dextranase is highly recommended as the most suitable method at this time because this is more e？ective and more economical. This study investigated the production and characterization of dextranase from local isolate yeast to degrade dextran on sugar cane juice. The selected yeast was identifed on the basis of molecular identi...

Biological Chemistry  Microbiology  Soil Science  Biochemistry 

Doi:10.4308/hjb.26.1.26

Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are an established animal model of asthma, which exhibit different responses to allergen exposure that are clinically relevant. The chemokine ligand gene (CCL7) encodes Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3, which has an important role in asthma pathogenesis. While CCL7 polymorphism in humans is associated with asthma phenotype, very little is known about CCL7 in nonhuman primate models of respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to isolate and char...

Molecular Biology  Biochemistry  Biodiversity 

Doi:10.4308/hjb.26.3.129

Curcumin is a phenolic compound extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Although declared as safe for human consumption, curcumin has been found to be embryotoxic in some organisms indicating its potential as a teratogen. In this study, the teratogenic effect of maternal curcumin exposure in mouse fetuses was evaluated. Three experimental groups of pregnant mice were treated with 1.05, 1.52, and 2.0 mg/g body weight/day 95% curcumin, respectively, from gestation day (GD) 6 to ...

Biotechnology  Microbiology  Cell Biology  Conservation Biology  Biochemistry 

Doi:10.12692/ijb/16.2.382-393

Most of the alcohol analytical methods are robust and instrumentally expensive. An alternative of ethanol biosensor based on selected biofilm forming Acetobacter aceti bacteria producing alcohol oxidase was constructed on a screen-printed carbon electrode. The enzyme specifically oxidizes the ethanol and generate electrical current that then electrochemically detected and measured by cyclic voltammetry method. A scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated that th...

Microbiology  Biochemistry 

Doi:10.4308/hjb.27.1.24

Background: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It plays a major role in the pathogenesis for diabetic complications. This study intends to exemplify the pattern of dyslipidemia prevalent in T2DM patients attending tertiary care centre of Eastern Nepal. Material and methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the T2DM patients visiting the routine biochemistry laboratory for their routine blood investigations. 226 patients were included ...

Biochemistry 

Doi:10.3126/jbs.v7i2.34000

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the number of micronuclei between the gingival mucosa and the buccal mucosa due to exposure to digital panoramic radiography. Material and Methods: This study used 10 healthy individuals aged 18-25 years. Exfoliated epithelial cell samples from the gingival and buccal mucosa were taken from the patient on the 10th day after exposure to digital panoramic radiography. The coloring method used is Feulgen-Rossenbeck. Results: ...

Molecular Biology  Biochemistry  Radiology & Medical Imaging 

Doi:10.32793/jrdi.v3i2.483