The ability to study bacteria at the single cell level has advanced our insights into microbial physiology and genetics in ways not attainable by studying large populations using more traditional culturing methods. To improve methods to characterize bacteria at the cellular level, we developed a new microfluidic platform that enables cells to be exposed to metabolites in a gradient of concentrations. By designing low-cost, three-dimensional devices with adhesive tapes and tailoring them for bact...

Electric Engineering  Biological Materials  Mycology  Biological Chemistry  Veterinary Medicine  Molecular Biology  Toxicology  Computer Engineering  Microbiology  Biochemistry  Agricultural Engineering  Biodiversity  Developmental Biology  Bioengineering  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences  Biological Engineering  Biotechnology  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Hydrology  Genomics  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Analytical Chemistry 

Doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b01031

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. To assess the severity of nematode infestations in the field, SCN egg population densities are determined. Cysts (dead females) of the nematode must be extracted from soil samples and then ground to extract the eggs within. Sucrose centrifugation commonly is used to separate debris from suspensions of extracted nematode eggs. We present a method using OptiPrep as a density gradie...

Veterinary Medicine  Taxonomy  Automata  Agricultural Engineering  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences  Animal Behavior  Agricultural Science  Biological Engineering  Genomics  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Electric Engineering  Industrial Engineering  Computer Engineering  Biochemistry  Biodiversity  Bioengineering  Geology  Hydrology  Parasitology  Plant Science  Soil Science  Synthetic Biology  Agronomy 

Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223386

Soybeans are an important crop for global food security. Every year, soybean yields are reduced by numerous soybean diseases, particularly the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). It is difficult to visually identify the presence of SCN in the field, let alone its population densities or numbers, as there are no obvious aboveground disease symptoms. The only definitive way to assess SCN population densities is to directly extract the SCN cysts from soil and then extract the eggs from cysts and count the...

Electric Engineering  Computer Engineering  Ecosystem Science  Technology  Biodiversity  Agricultural Engineering  Bioengineering  Environmental Sciences  Artificial Intelligence  Agricultural Science  Biological Engineering  Food Science & Technology  Parasitology  Plant Science  Soil Science  Agronomy 

Doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82261-w

A hallmark of bacterial populations cultured in vitro is their homogeneity of growth, where the majority of cells display identical growth rate, cell size and content. Recent insights, however, have revealed that even cells growing in exponential growth phase can be heterogeneous with respect to variables typically used to measure cell growth. Bacterial heterogeneity has important implications for how bacteria respond to environmental stresses, such as antibiotics. The phenomenon of antimicrobia...

Ecology  Developmental Biology  Agricultural Engineering  Environmental Sciences  Artificial Intelligence  Biological Engineering  Genomics  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Diagnostics  Biological Materials  Electric Engineering  Genetic Engineering  Industrial Engineering  Computer Engineering  Health Policy  Biochemistry  Biodiversity  Bioengineering  Bioinformatics  Biophysics  Biotechnology  Computational Biology  Cell Biology  Infectious Diseases  Immunology  Internal Medicine  Metabolic Sciences  Medical Genetics  Allergy & Clinical Immunology  Zoology  Biological Chemistry  Applied Physics  Taxonomy  Medicinal Chemistry  Agricultural Science  Analytical Chemistry  Mycology  Public Health  Mathematical Biology  Marine Biology  Molecular Biology  Microbiology  Global Health  Parasitology  Plant Science  Translational Medicine  Soil Science  Synthetic Biology  Materials Engineering 

Doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00249

Population-scale and rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a priority for several parts of the world. We revisit the in vitro technology platforms for COVID-19 testing and diagnostics—molecular tests and rapid antigen tests, serology or antibody tests, and tests for the management of COVID-19 patients. Within each category of tests, we review the commercialized testing platforms, their analyzing systems, specimen collection protocols, testing methodologies, supply chain logistics, and rel...

Allergy & Clinical Immunology  Electrochemistry  Information Technologies  Medical Education  Biological Chemistry  Virology  Medicinal Chemistry  Developmental Biology  Environmental Sciences  Biological Engineering  Genomics  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Marketing  Oncology  Technology And Innovation  Theoretical Chemistry  Diagnostics  Supply Chain Management  Biological Materials  Nanometer Materials  Drugs & Devices  Public Health  Organic Chemistry  Epidemiology  Sales Management  Molecular Biology  Health Policy  Microbiology  Global Health  Bioengineering  Physical Chemistry  Bioinformatics  Biotechnology  Functional Materials  Computational Biology  Cell Biology  Parasitology  Translational Medicine  Infectious Diseases  Women’s Health  Immunology  Respiratory Medicine  Materials Engineering  Internal Medicine  Metabolic Sciences  Medical Genetics 

Doi:10.3390/s21196581

Real-time monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract in a safe and comfortable manner is valuable for the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Within this realm, our review captures the trends in ingestible capsule systems with a focus on hardware and software technologies used for capsule endoscopy and remote patient monitoring. We introduce the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract, and the FDA guidelines for ingestible wireless telemetric medical devices. We survey the advanc...

Software Engineering  Allergy & Clinical Immunology  Medical Education  Veterinary Medicine  Simulation/Analytical Evaluation of Communication Systems  Self-Stabilization, Autonomic Computing  Clinical Medicine  Automata  Technology  Computational Robotics  Environmental Sciences  Cloud Computing  Artificial Intelligence  Mobile and Portable Communications Systems  Mobile and Ubiquitous Networks  Applications of Communication Systems  Biological Engineering  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genetics  Multimedia/Signal processing  Machine Learning  Pathology  Biological Materials  Electric Engineering  Public Health  Evidence Based Medicine  Gastroenterology & Hepatology  Health Policy  Computer Engineering  Global Health  Image Processing  Bioengineering  Mechanical Engineering  Bioinformatics  Biotechnology  Functional Materials  Computer Vision  Urology  Infectious Diseases  Women’s Health  Synthetic Biology  Materials Engineering  Radiology & Medical Imaging  Internal Medicine  Metabolic Sciences 

Doi:10.34133/2021/9854040

Precision swine production can benefit from autonomous, noninvasive, and affordable devices that conduct frequent checks on the well-being status of pigs. Here, we present a remote monitoring tool for the objective measurement of some behavioral indicators that may help in assessing the health and welfare status—namely, posture, gait, vocalization, and external temperature. The multiparameter electronic sensor board is characterized by laboratory measurements and by animal tests. Relevant behavi...

Software Engineering  Information Technologies  Zoology  Veterinary Medicine  Information Science  Economics  Automata  Technology  Agricultural Engineering  Communication Protocols  Environmental Sciences  Cloud Computing  Animal Behavior  Artificial Intelligence  Mobile and Portable Communications Systems  Agricultural Science  Big Data Search and Mining  Mobile and Ubiquitous Networks  Information Management  Applications of Communication Systems  Biological Engineering  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Mobile Computing Systems  Food Science & Technology  Logistics Engineering  Technology And Innovation  Machine Learning  Electric Engineering  Biological Materials  Public Health  Industrial Engineering  Statistics  Computer Engineering  Information retrieval  Biodiversity  Bioengineering  Image Processing  Distributed computing  Computer Vision  Consumer Behavior  Entrepreneurship 

Doi:10.3390/ani11092665

Effective connectivity (EC) amongst functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals is a quantitative measure of the strength of influence between brain activity associated with different regions of the brain. Evidently, accurate deciphering of EC gives further insight into the understanding of the intricately complex nature of neuronal interactions in the human brain. This work presents a novel approach to estimate EC in the human brain signals using enhanced fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs). ...

Neuroscience  Neurology  Biological Engineering 

Doi:10.1109/TCDS.2019.2958423

The energy requirements for converting one tonne (1,000 kg) of Chlorella slurry of 20 wt% solids via fast pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP), and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) were compared. Drying microalgae prior to pyrolysis by using a spray drying process with a 50% energy efficiency required an energy input of 4,107 MJ. The energy inputs to conduct fast pyrolysis, MAP, and HTL reactions were 504 MJ (50% efficient), 1,057 MJ (~25% efficient), and 2,776 MJ (50% efficient), respec...

Environmental Chemistry  Biological Engineering  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Agricultural Engineering 

Doi:10.17737/tre.2017.3.1.0013

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, which cause global warming, have become a major worldwide concern with ten global ‘mega’ challenges that are currently impacting the planet in particular climate change, water, energy, and material resource scarcity. Increase in urbanization rate will continue to increase its need for natural resources, building materials, power and electricity, water, etc. that leads to bio-capacity deficit with a sharp increase in generation of e...

Biological Engineering  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Agricultural Engineering 

Doi:10.17737/tre.2016.2.3.0024