Ground Vegetation Diversityon Different Type of Riverbank Along Ciliwung River in Bogor City, West Java

Ciliwung riverbank has been a？ected by settlement occupation. Both concrete and another retaining wall system have been built to avoid ？ood and erosion to the settlement that has existed adjacent to the river. Built environment as human disturbance can trigger the change of species richness of ground vegetation in the Ciliwung riverbank of Bogor City. The research objective is to study the di？erence of ground vegetation biodiversity in three di？erent types of riverbank based on its condition: natural, semi-natural, and constructed riverbanks. Point method and photographic sampling are used. Five replications of a square metre plot at three transects were placed at four sites sampling along 250 m each from the three di？erent types of riverbank. Images of the plots are trained using sample point to overcome the difculties in the feld observation and statistical analysis. The result discovered that species richness in the natural riverbank is signifcantly higher than in semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Yet, no signifcance of species richness is shown between semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Total species of ground vegetation that we found were 55 species. Each di？erent type of riverbank has its own highest species coverage: Asystasia nemorum (55.00%) in the natural riverbank, Pilea nummulariifolia (33.07%) in the semi-natural riverbank, and Pogonatherum crinitum (52.80%) in the constructed riverbank. The study concluded that the construction in the riverbank largely altered the biodiversity of ground vegetation in the urban riverbank. The outcomes suggest that the remnant of natural riverbank in the urban landscape should be highly protected from urban development to preserve its biodiversity. Also, species found could be potentially developed as landscape plants to support urban river planning, design, and management.