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Effects of Building a Highway and Wildlife Crossings in a Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Habitat in Hungary
BALLóK, Zsuzsa,NáHLIK, András,TARI, Tamás
Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica , 2010,
Abstract: We examined how the movement of red deer (Cervus elaphus) was modified in an areathat had a new fenced off highway built across it. The first step was the collection of data from thetrack marked for construction. We continued collecting data on wildlife crossings after theconstruction of the highway and the completion of the fences. After the completion of the highway, itwas observed that only 5.9% of the original deer track counts remained, spread across the crossings.After the construction was finished, the wider crossing structures were used more often by deer forcrossing to the other side of the highway than the smaller ones. During construction of the highway, anumber of animals chose to walk tens of kilometres to get around the construction site instead of usingthe crossings. An existing highway, or a highway under construction not only changes the frequencyof deer crossings, but affects their distribution as well.
Wild red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) grazing may seriously reduce forage production in mountain meadows
Elisa Marchiori,Enrico Sturaro,Maurizio Ramanzin
Italian Journal of Animal Science , 2012, DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e9
Abstract: This study aimed at estimating the impact of red deer grazing on the productivity of meadows located in Pian Cansiglio, north-eastern Italian Pre-Alps. These meadows (383 ha; average elevation 1000 m asl are managed for hay/silage production (1-2 cuts per season) and are included in a protected area that hosts a high density of deer (around 30 heads/100 ha). In 2008 and 2010, dry matter (DM) production and loss due to deer grazing were estimated with exclusion cages (1 m2; 48 exclusion cages in 2008 and 52 in 2010). Night counts with spotlights were conducted to index deer use of meadows plots. DM production inside the cages was fairly good for the area (first and second cut: 5079 - 2193 Kg DM/ha in 2008, and 4200 - 2615 Kg DM/ha in 2010). DM production outside the cages was significantly lower (first and second cut in 2008: 4314-1389 Kg DM/ha, and in 2010: 3376-2052 Kg DM/ha). Therefore, the magnitude of losses was of 15-20% in the first and 25-40% in the second cut. DM losses in the different meadow plots were positively correlated with index of deer use, which in some plots was as high as 7-8 heads/ha. Deer grazing reduced also crude protein (CP) content of forage (15.6±4.4% DM inside exclusion cages and 13.8±3.5% DM outside), with losses being greater where CP content was higher. This study demonstrates that high densities of grazing deer may seriously impact on forage production and quality.
Wildlife and forest management measures significantly impact red deer population density
Jerina, Klemen,Stergar, Matija
- , 2017, DOI: 10.31298/sl.141.3-4.4
Abstract: Sa？etak Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) is in many parts of the world ecologically important and highly popular game species. Its population densities and environmental impacts largely depend on habitat suitability, which in turn is under strong influence of humans. Wildlife management intentionally improves habitat suitability, while forestry's impacts on red deer are mostly unintentional. In both disciplines the full extent of these impacts is poorly understood. To better understand habitat use and improve management of red deer, we studied the impacts of multiple environmental and historical factors, mostly anthropogenic, on red deer spatial distribution in Slovenia. We found that the probability of red deer presence and population density are higher close to locations of historic (> 100 years ago) red deer reintroduction sites and in large continuous forest complexes. The finding is important for forecasting future red deer distribution and population dynamics. Population density is also positively dependent on proximity to supplemental feeding sites, the proportion of spruce stands in pole-stage and the share of forest young growth, which is important for preventing unwanted impacts of red deer on forest. The approach used by this study and its results are also useful for improving habitat ranking of hunting grounds, which some countries use in wildlife management planning
Epizootiology of game cervid cysticercosis
Goldová, Mária,Lazar, Peter,Letková, Valéria,Soroka, Jaroslav,？urlík, Jan
- , 2008,
Abstract: Sa？etak The protection of game from diseases is important for several reasons. Mainly, this is concerned with the health of the animals themselves, which under the conditions obtaining in the Slovak Republic are at an increasing rate exposed to negative factors arising from the activities of man. Among other factors, exposure to diseases, including these caused by parasitic infections, is increasing. In order to assess the prevalence of Taenia species in wild carnivores, which is indicative of or related to infection in cervids, 323 animals were investigated. The taenias were represented by 7 species: Taenia hydatigena (Pallas, 1766), Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879 (syn. T. cervi Christiansen, 1931). Tetratirotaenia polyacantha (Leucart, l856), Mesocestoides litteratus, M. lineatus (Goeze, 1782), Ralliet, 1843 and Echinococcus multilocularis. The presence of T. hydatigena was established in 12 red foxes and two wolves and T. krabbei was found in one wolf and three foxes. The presence of cysticerci was investigated in 114 game ruminants post-mortem (32 red deer, 61 roe deer and 21 fallow deer). Cysticercus tenuicollis (Taeniae hydatigena) was found in 3 game species (red deer, roe deer, fallow deer) and cysticerci of T. krabbei in the myocard of red deer
Piloting a Non-Invasive Genetic Sampling Method for Evaluating Population-Level Benefits of Wildlife Crossing Structures
Anthony P. Clevenger,Michael A. Sawaya
Ecology and Society , 2010,
Abstract: Intuitively, wildlife crossing structures should enhance the viability of wildlife populations. Previous research has demonstrated that a broad range of species will use crossing structures, however, questions remain as to whether these measures actually provide benefits to populations. To assess this, studies will need to determine the number of individuals using crossings, their sex, and their genetic relationships. Obtaining empirical data demonstrating population-level benefits for some species can be problematic and challenging at best. Molecular techniques now make it possible to identify species, individuals, their sex, and their genetic relatedness from hair samples collected through non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS). We describe efforts to pilot a method to assess potential population-level benefits of wildlife crossing structures. We tested the feasibility of a prototype NGS system designed to sample hair from black bears (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (U. arctos) at two wildlife underpasses. The piloted hair-sampling method did not deter animal use of the trial underpasses and was effective at sampling hair from more than 90% of the bear crossing events at the underpasses. Hair samples were also obtained from non-target carnivore species, including three out of five (60%) cougar (Puma concolor) crossing events. Individual identification analysis revealed that three female and two male grizzly bears used one wildlife underpass, whereas two female and three male black bears were identified as using the other underpass. Of the 36 hair samples from bears analyzed, five failed, resulting in an 87% extraction success rate, and six more were only identified to species. Overall, 70% of the hair samples from bears collected in the field had sufficient DNA for extraction purposes. Preliminary data from our NGS suggest the technique can be a reliable method to assess the population-level benefits of Banff wildlife crossings. Furthermore, NGS can be an important tool for the conservation value of wildlife crossings for other taxa, and we urge others to carry out evaluations of this emerging methodology.
Wildlife Tunnel Enhances Population Viability
Rodney van der Ree,Dean Heinze,Michael McCarthy,Ian Mansergh
Ecology and Society , 2009,
Abstract: Roads and traffic are pervasive components of landscapes throughout the world: they cause wildlife mortality, disrupt animal movements, and increase the risk of extinction. Expensive engineering solutions, such as overpasses and tunnels, are increasingly being adopted to mitigate these effects. Although some species readily use such structures, their success in preventing population extinction remains unknown. Here, we use population viability modeling to assess the effectiveness of tunnels for the endangered Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) in Australia. The underpasses reduced, but did not completely remove, the negative effects of a road. The expected minimum population size of a “reconnected” population remained 15% lower than that of a comparable “undivided” population. We propose that the extent to which the risk of extinction decreases should be adopted as a measure of effectiveness of mitigation measures and that the use of population modeling become routine in these evaluations.
Toxicological survey of free ranging population of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) by teeth examination
De Battisti, Renzo,Gelli, Donatella,Scaravelli, Dino,Zaccaroni, Annalisa,Zanella, Alessandro
- , 2008,
Abstract: Sa？etak Heavy metal content was evaluated in the teeth of roe deer and red deer. No differences in heavy metal concentrations between sampling areas or species were observed. A similar deposition process can be considered for the two species, as well as a similar chronic exposure levels
Welfare issues of modern deer farming
Silvana Mattiello
Italian Journal of Animal Science , 2010, DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s1.205
Abstract: This paper will start with briefly outlining the recent domestication history of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama), followed by a description of the present status of modern deer farming. It will then review the main welfare issues of deer farming. The following aspects will be considered: accommodation and housing, management and handling, nutrition (feed and water provision), transport and slaughter, plus a short mention of velvet harvest. As a summary, the following practices can be recommended to ensure animal welfare in modern deer farming: the adoption of suitable housing systems and of adequate management techniques (e.g. specific handling pens and drop-floor cradles or crushes) and the respect of specific needs (e.g. provision of protection and shelter from predators as well as from climatic extremes, such as cold winds or direct solar radiation). Handling and yarding operations will be easier when they occur in dim light. Special attention must be paid to the manipulation of the newborns. At the slaughterhouse, facilities must be designed specifically for deer. The presence of well trained stockpersons, with a sound knowledge of deer physiology and behaviour, is also a key-factor for improving welfare levels in deer farms. To achieve these aims, training of the managers and stockpersons and the adoption of specific codes of conducts are highly recommendable.
DYNAMICS OF WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS ON ROADS OF KARLOVAC COUNTY, CROATIA
Krunoslav PINTUR,Vedran SLIJEP？EVI？,Nina POPOVI？,Davorin ANDRIJA？EVI？
Journal of Central European Agriculture , 2012, DOI: 10.5513/jcea01/13.2.1057
Abstract: Here we examine the incidence and frequency of wildlife-vehicle collisions (daily and yearly dynamics) in Karlovac county. In the period from 2005 to 2008, 743 wildlife- vehicle collisions were recorded. 83,58 % of road killed wild animals were roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 6,46 % wild boar (Sus scrofa) while the recorded proportion of other species was low. The highest risk of collision was in April and May, although the risk was high in other seasons as well, especially during autumn. Majority of daily collisions occured in the morning (5 a.m.-8 a.m.) and in the evening (6 p.m.-10 p.m.). The results of this research will be used as basis for implementation of mitigation strategy.
Incidence of Helminthic infection in Axis Deer
M. D. Meshram,S. Y. Shirale and K. P. Khillare
Veterinary World , 2008,
Abstract: The parasitic investigation was carried out in 200 Axis deer of scrub forest of Borgaon Manju in Western Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and revealed the presence of Strogylides sp., Strogyle sp.,Trichostrogylus sp, Trichuris sp., Oesophagosomum sp. Total 89.05% animal were positive for parasites representing Strogyloides(31.50%),Strogyles sp(20.00%),Haemonchus sp.(13.80%), Trichostrongylus(11.50%), Trichuris (8.50%), and Bunostomum sp.(4.00%). The incidence was highest in winter season followed by rainy season. [Veterinary World 2008; 1(1.000): 10-10]
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