oalib

OALib Journal期刊

ISSN: 2333-9721

费用：99美元

投稿

时间不限

( 2026 )

( 2025 )

( 2024 )

( 2023 )

自定义范围…

匹配条件： “Mental Disorder Diagnosis” ，找到相关结果约1000条。
列表显示的所有文章，均可免费获取
第1页/共1000条
每页显示 条
Accounting for Social Processes in the Development of Diagnostic Classification Systems: Commentary on the “Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice”
Jared W. Keeley
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0022167818788494
Abstract: Diagnostic classifications of mental disorders are complex systems that integrate both scientific and social priorities. The Task Force on Developing Humanistic Approaches to Psychological Diagnosis of the Society for Humanistic Psychology has released a set of guidelines intended to guide the development of mental health classifications. This commentary argues that the attention paid in the guidelines to social processes is a desirable and inherent component of the development of any classification. Social influences regarding the definition of the concepts and the processes by which people develop them are integrally intertwined, contrary to the common view that nonscientific factors should be excluded from classification systems as much as possible. These guidelines offer a much needed resource for developing future mental health classifications
The MDS-7: A Brief Mental Disorder Screener for Improved Diagnostic Accuracy  [PDF]
John R. Rossiter
Open Journal of Medical Psychology (OJMP) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/ojmp.2025.142007
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate the problems with current methods of mental disorder diagnosis and to then provide a brief and accurate mental disorder screener suitable for use by general medical practitioners, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals. Method: Expert review of inter-clinician diagnostic agreement studies followed by development of a new brief mental disorder screener. Results: Diagnostic agreement based on the typical in-office consultation is unacceptably low even for broad diagnoses and even lower for the diagnosis of specific disorders. Agreement, moreover, does not mean that the diagnosis is accurate. More accurate diagnosis can be obtained with the DSM-based SCID structured clinical interview but this requires extensive training and takes far too long to be usable in practice. A brief and accurate mental disorder screener is clearly needed, and the present author offers one in this article. Called the MDS-7, its brevity is attributable to the present author’s core symptoms principle, which states that if the presenting patient does not have the core symptoms of the disorder, then the patient cannot possibly have that disorder. Hierarchical scoring of the MDS-7 provides improved accuracy for differentially diagnosing mental disorders. Conclusions: The MDS-7, available in this article and easily translatable into other languages, provides a brief and more accurate way to make the initial diagnosis.
Delirium: uma perspectiva histórica
Wacker, Priscilla;Nunes, Paula V.;Forlenza, Orestes V.;
Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica , 2005, DOI: 10.1590/S0101-60832005000300001
Abstract: delirium remained a stable psychiatric category until the early 19th century when it underwent etiological and phenomenological redefinition, precipitating the transformation of the functional insanities into psychoses. confusion, introduced by french workers during the second half of the century, referred to a syndrome wider than (but including) delirium. it emphasized chaotic thinking and cognitive failure. the notion of clouding of consciousness (and temporo-spatial disorientation) established a common denominator for the two concepts, while chaslin and bonhoeffer redefined confusion and delirium as the stereotyped manifestations of acute brain failure.
Is avoidant disorder part of the social phobia spectrum in a referred sample of Brazilian children and adolescents?
Denardin, D.;Silva, T.L.;Pianca, T.G.;Rohde, L.A.;
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 2004, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004000600012
Abstract: the diagnosis of avoidant disorder was deleted from the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - fourth edition (dsm-iv) based on a `committee decision' suggesting that avoidant disorder is part of the social phobia spectrum. the objective of the present study was to examine the nature of this clinical association in a referred sample of brazilian children and adolescents. we assessed a referred sample of 375 youths using semi-structured diagnostic interview methodology. demographic (age at admission to the study and sex) and clinical (level of impairment, age at onset of symptoms and pattern of comorbidity) data were assessed in subsamples of children with avoidant disorder (n = 7), social phobia (n = 26), and comorbidity between both disorders (n = 24). although a significant difference in the male/female ratio was detected among groups (p = 0.03), none of the other clinical variables differed significantly among subjects that presented each condition separately or in combination. most of the children with avoidant disorder fulfilled criteria for social phobia. thus, our findings support the validity of the conceptualization of avoidant disorder as part of the social phobia spectrum in a clinical sample.
Is avoidant disorder part of the social phobia spectrum in a referred sample of Brazilian children and adolescents?
Denardin D.,Silva T.L.,Pianca T.G.,Rohde L.A.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 2004,
Abstract: The diagnosis of avoidant disorder was deleted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders - fourth edition (DSM-IV) based on a `committee decision' suggesting that avoidant disorder is part of the social phobia spectrum. The objective of the present study was to examine the nature of this clinical association in a referred sample of Brazilian children and adolescents. We assessed a referred sample of 375 youths using semi-structured diagnostic interview methodology. Demographic (age at admission to the study and sex) and clinical (level of impairment, age at onset of symptoms and pattern of comorbidity) data were assessed in subsamples of children with avoidant disorder (N = 7), social phobia (N = 26), and comorbidity between both disorders (N = 24). Although a significant difference in the male/female ratio was detected among groups (P = 0.03), none of the other clinical variables differed significantly among subjects that presented each condition separately or in combination. Most of the children with avoidant disorder fulfilled criteria for social phobia. Thus, our findings support the validity of the conceptualization of avoidant disorder as part of the social phobia spectrum in a clinical sample.
Manía en ni？os y adolescentes
Zú？iga,Mario; Farías,Ximena;
Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría , 2002, DOI: 10.4067/S0717-92272002000100004
Abstract: this revision article first includes a short historical outline of the origins of the bipolar disorder and its first description in children, then four elements that might make the diagnosis and appropiate identification of the bipolar disorder difficult are mentioned and specified. this article also analizes the clinic characteristcs of the bipolar disorder. these characteristics are supposed to be considerably different from the way they appear in adults and children; it is also discussed here the usefulness of the classifications that exist nowadays and their applicability in children. the problem of diferential diagnosis is evaluated not only with mental illnesses, but also with medical problems. finally there is a description of the treatment proposed nowadays for pure mania and for mania in comorbidity with other problems like the attention deficit disorder, it is also included a description of the importance that the psychosocial support has in the development of the illness
Manía en ni os y adolescentes Mania in Children and Adolescents
Mario Zú？iga,Ximena Farías
Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría , 2002,
Abstract: En el presente artículo de revisión se realiza una breve rese a histórica de los orígenes del Trastorno Bipolar y sus primeras descripciones en ni os. Posteriormente se plantean y describen cuatro factores que estarían dificultando su diagnóstico y oportuna identificación. Se analizan sus características clínicas que diferirían notablemente de la presentación en adultos y se discute la utilidad de las clasificaciones actuales y su aplicabilidad en este grupo etário. Se evalúa el problema del diagnóstico diferencial tanto con enfermedades mentales como con problemas médicos. Finalmente se describe el tratamiento propuesto actualmente tanto para la manía pura como en comorbilidad con otros cuadros como el Síndrome de Déficit Atencional y la importancia que tiene el apoyo psicosocial en la evolución del cuadro This revision article first includes a short historical outline of the origins of the Bipolar disorder and its first description in children, then four elements that might make the diagnosis and appropiate identification of the Bipolar disorder difficult are mentioned and specified. This article also analizes the clinic characteristcs of the Bipolar disorder. These Characteristics are supposed to be considerably different from the way they appear in adults and children; It is also discussed here the usefulness of the classifications that exist nowadays and their applicability in children. The problem of diferential diagnosis is evaluated not only with mental illnesses, but also with medical problems. Finally there is a description of the treatment proposed nowadays for pure mania and for mania in comorbidity with other problems like the Attention Deficit Disorder, it is also included a description of the importance that the psychosocial support has in the development of the illness
The Loss of Criteria for Mental Retardation and Regression of Symptoms of Childhood Autism during a Five-Year Follow-Up -A Case Report
Begovac, Branka,Begovac, Ivan,Div？i？, Branka,Klopotan, ？arka
- , 2009,
Abstract: Sa？etak It is usually held that most individuals with childhood autism have poor prognosis. According to our knowledge, a favorable outcome of a child with childhood autism is quite rare and inspires a number of controversies. A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with childhood autism and mild mental retardation. Interviews and findings reported by other specialists were used in the diagnosis and follow-up that lasted for five years, along with parental counseling and therapy. After three years, regression of the symptoms of childhood autism and loss of the criteria for mental retardation were observed. The difference between the second and first examination was 30 and 24 IQ points. The boy attends regular school with individual approach. Childhood autism and mental retardation should not be viewed as static conditions. Early and intensive therapy is recommended. Some children that make good progress can attend regular school
Is Graphology Useful in Assessing Major Depression?
Alessio Gori,Marco Giannini,Pietro Pellegrini,Yura Loscalzo
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0033294118759667
Abstract: This study aimed to develop a handwriting analysis protocol for assessing severe major depressive disorder, in order to evaluate whether graphological analysis could be considered an objective tool and hence if it could be useful for clinicians in their early diagnosis. We modified and improved the methodology described by Lorusso et al. by proposing different graphic indexes based both on the literature and on the observation of a preliminary sample of 13 handwritings of patients affected by major depressive disorder. Then, we recruited 80 participants, divided into two groups: clinical sample (n？=？44) and control group (n？=？36). We used Cohen's Kappa to evaluate the reliability of agreement among four professional graphologists and the consensus between the psychiatric assessment and the ratings given by the judges. We found satisfactory results. Using our protocol, we obtained higher values for Cohen’s Kappa as compared with Lorusso et al. The agreement among graphologists is K？=？.62, while the K values for the agreement between psychiatric assessment and graphologists range between .47 and .60. The substantial improvements obtained in comparison with Lorusso et al. are encouraging and support further attempts
Diagnosis: A Thousand People Speak Out
Elisabeth Genn,Lois Holzman
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0022167818791852
Abstract: The public is rarely asked its opinions concerning mental health issues and, as revealed by a literature search, is almost never surveyed on this topic without the use of medicalized, diagnostic, forced choice illness language. This article reports on an ongoing community outreach project that gave people the opportunity to reflect on and share their thoughts about the medical-mental illness-diagnostic model and its impact on their lives. Two organizations with long-standing opposition to the individualized model of human development and the medicalized understanding of emotionality designed and conducted open-ended surveys on emotional distress and diagnosis online and at two New York City street fairs. Results from over 1,000 surveys indicate that mental illness diagnosis is viewed as a “necessary evil” at best, and an isolating and destructive practice at worst. The results strongly suggest that nonmental health professionals are important allies in the fight for alternatives to diagnosis
第1页/共1000条
每页显示 条


Home
Copyright © 2008-2020 Open Access Library. All rights reserved.