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OALib Journal期刊

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Contribution of Electrical Resistivity Tomography to the Characterization of Aquifers in a Sub-Outcrop Context in the Basement Zone of the Oubri Region (Burkina Faso)  [PDF]
Hoboubé Nicole Abotsi, Julien Nikiema, Mahama Sawadogo
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2026.189029
Abstract: Population growth and climate change are putting drinking water resources at risk, making groundwater a key solution to these challenges. In Burkina Faso, more than 80% of the geology consists of crystalline bedrock, which necessitates the search for bedrock aquifers for water supply. The complexity of these aquifers has led to numerous unsuccessful water drillings. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were therefore conducted in the cities of Loumbila and Ziniaré using the resistivity-meter SYSCAL Pro system, in a Wenner-Schlumberger configuration, to better identify the characteristics of potential aquifer zones. ERT field measurements use a series of electrodes spaced 5 m apart to measure electrical resistivity along the profile. The inversion results are presented as cross-sections showing the distribution of the subsurface’s true resistivity as a function of depth along each profile. The (2D) inversions reveal four geoelectric zones: a first zone characterized by low resistivities (<150 Ω？m), indicating a favorable zone containing water, followed by a second layer with values ranging from 150 to 400 Ω？m, representing weathered zones, a third layer with values ranging from 400 to 2000 Ω？m, representing zones of fissured and fractured bedrock, and a fourth layer with resistivities greater than 2000 Ω？m, indicating sound bedrock. The study demonstrates that the use of the Wenner-Schlumberger array improves the characterization of aquifers in bedrock terrain.
Enzyme activity of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase (CBHI.1) expressed as a heterologous protein from Escherichia coli
RL Howard, P Masoko, E Abotsi
African Journal of Biotechnology , 2003,
Abstract: The aim of this study was to produce a secreted, heterologously expressed Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase (CBHI.1) protein that required no in vitro chemical refolding and to investigate the cellulolytic activity of the clone expressing the glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused CBHI.1 protein. Plate enzyme activity screening of E. coli cells transformed with pGEXcbhI.1 vector on carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) produced several clones which produced clearing zones on CMC when induced. A randomly selected representative pGEXcbhI.1 clone produced hydrolysis on both Avicel and CMC when induced. Crude protein extracts obtained from the induced pGEXcbhI.1 clone exhibited time dependent enzymatic activity against both CMC and Avicel.
From Sméagol to Gollum: Mechanical Stress and Bone Remodelling  [PDF]
Nicole Pace
Open Journal of Orthopedics (OJO) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ojo.2018.84018
Abstract: This imaginary transformation from Sméagol to Gollum is a dramatization of the illusive repercussions of mechanical stress affecting bone. This paper presents the main ideas of mechanical stress and bone remodelling from a novel’s perspective. The object of this study is to provide evidence for new ways to explore bone’s functional adaptation to mechanical stress made through the copious interpretation and integration of new and existing literature. It tackles the underlying biology of bone cells and how they detect and react to strain stimuli. The different types of mechanical demands in daily activities are sifted through and any misconceptions found fallible in literature are refined. A personal experience of a stress fracture is reviewed to parallel the implications that lead to the incident with the findings on the link between mechanical stress and bone remodelling. Some factors regarding age, gender and ethnicity and the interplay with mechanical stress influencing bone remodelling are considered. Brief overviews of three new medical novelties in bone healing are outlined, hoping that these interventions of proper medical techniques can be a change for the better: one from Gollum to Sméagol rather than vice versa.
FTX—The Plausbility of an Unmodified Audit Opinion on an Organization That Lacks Internal Control; A Deep Dive into the Standards  [PDF]
Nicole Wald
Open Journal of Accounting (OJAcct) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ojacct.2023.122003
Abstract: FTX Group was plagued with material related party transactions as well as an “unprecedented” lack of internal control. Yet, despite these issues, two of the four FTX “Silos” were given unmodified audit opinions. The purpose of this paper is not to rehash what went wrong, how and where. Rather, this paper calls into question the ability for a public accounting firm to issue an unmodified opinion on the financial statements of FTX. I will explore the relevant auditing standards and guidance provided to auditors to determine the appropriateness of issuing an unmodified opinion. Ultimately, I determine that a Disclaimer of Opinion on the Financial Statements is the only appropriate report to issue when an entity has pervasive and material related party transactions and lacks internal control.
Lignocellulose biotechnology: issues of bioconversion and enzyme production
RL Howard, E Abotsi, EL Jansen van Rensburg, S Howard
African Journal of Biotechnology , 2003,
Abstract: This review is written from the perspective of scientists working in lignocellulose bioconversion in a developing country and the aim of this review is to remind ourselves and other scientists working in related areas of lignocellulose research of the enormous economic potential of the bioprocessing of residual plant materials generally regarded as “waste”, and secondly to highlight some of the modern approaches which potentially could be used to tackle one of the major impediments, namely high enzyme cost, to speed-up the extensive commercialisation of the lignocellulose bioprocessing.
Characterisation of a chimeric Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase expressed from Escherichia coli
RL Howard, P Masoko, MB Mowa, E Abotsi, S Howard
African Journal of Biotechnology , 2004,
Abstract: The aim of this study was to purify and analyse a Phanerochaete chrysosporium cbhI.1 gene-product expressed as an inducible, secreted, heterologous protein from an Escerichia coli pGEXcbhI.1 clone. Using glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, the expressed protein was purified from the supernatant of an induced E. coli transformed with pGEXcbhI.1 and ran as a single band on a Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused CBHI.1 was approx-imately 80 kDa in size, approximately 2.2 kDa smaller than the theoretically predicted size. The purified protein exhibited time dependent hydrolytic reaction against carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) and Avicel. On CMC the highest hydrolytic reaction occurred at 120 min. whereas for Avicel it was at 150 min. Optimum pH and temperature for activity of the protein against these cellulose substrates were pH 6 and 55oC, respectively, and the protein remained stable under these optimum conditions for 24 h. Key Words: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, cellobiohydrolase purification, heterologus expression. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(7) 2004: 349-352
Anticonvulsant Effects of a Leaf Extract of Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) in Mice
Eric Woode,Rosemary A. Poku,Wonder K.M. Abotsi
International Journal of Pharmacology , 2011,
Abstract: Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) is a terrestrial afro-tropical tree used as an antiepileptic remedy in African traditional medicine. This study investigated the anticonvulsant effect of a hydroalcoholic leaf extract of F. exasperata against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin or maximal electroshock in mice. The extract (30-300 mg kg-1, p.o.) significantly delayed the onset and decreased the duration of pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-induced convulsions. It also caused significant reduction in the duration of maximal electroshock-induced tonic hind limb extension of mice. In addition, at some anticonvulsant doses, the extract produced motor impairment on the rotarod. The present findings strongly indicate that the leaf extract of F. exasperata has anticonvulsant properties in mice and may explain its use as an antiepileptic agent in African traditional medicine.
Antiallergic and Antiarthritic Effects of Stem Bark Extract of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) in Murine Models
David D. Obiri,Newman Osafo,Regina E. Abotsi
ISRN Pharmacology , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/874263
Abstract: Background. Various parts of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) find a use in traditional medicine in the treatment of pain and oedema among others. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antiarthritic effects of a 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol extract of the stem bark of Glyphaea brevis in murine models. Materials and Methods. The effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of Glyphaea brevis extract (GBE) was assessed on the maximal and total oedema responses in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice to evaluate the acute anti-inflammatory actions of the extract. Systemic anaphylaxis was induced with compound 48/80 and survival rates monitored for 1？h in mice with prior treatment with GBE to assess the anti-allergic action of the extract. The indirect antihistamine effect of GBE was evaluated on clonidine-induced catalepsy. Rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model was used to study GBE’s antiarthritic action. Results. GBE significantly suppressed the mean maximal swelling and the total paw swellings over 6？h in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema when administered either prophylactically or therapeutically. GBE dose dependently increased the time for compound 48/80-induced mortality. Administered either prophylactically or therapeutically, GBE inhibited clonidine-induced catalepsy while it had no effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy. GBE caused a significant dose-dependent suppression of Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis. Conclusion. Glyphaea brevis inhibits the in vivo degranulation of mast cells and thereby suppress allergy. In addition it exhibits anti-inflammatory action and attenuates Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis. The results of this work contribute to validate the traditional use of Glyphaea brevis in the management of inflammatory disorders. 1. Introduction Anaphylaxis is a rapid, life-threatening allergic reaction often triggered by food, drugs, insect venoms, latex, or allergen immunotherapy [1–5]. This acute allergic response is mediated by mast cells and basophils [6]. Mast cells express as one of their surface receptors the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E, IgE (FcεRI) [7] and play a central role in the inflammatory and immediate-type allergic responses that occur when sensitised individuals contact allergen through body surfaces [8]. In the absence of an antigen, the FcεRI binds to IgE. The major mechanism for the activation of these cells is the interaction of an antigen with the IgE-bound FcεRI. An alternative pathway of activation of the mast cell is offered by the so-called peptidergic
“Words Speak Louder than Actions”: The Connection between Gendered Language and Bullying Behavior  [PDF]
Nicole L. Rosen, Nicole A. Shoenberger
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2021.98014
Abstract: Gender inequalities have been examined at individual and institutional levels. One key way that gender differences are reinforced is through language. To examine gendered language differences, this study goes beyond what girls and boys say to examine how they describe their experiences, pertaining specifically to bullying. The central research question of this study is, “How do girls and boys interpret and explain their experiences of being bullied?” Using open-ended questions from a national survey, this study applies a qualitative content analysis and OSL regression analysis to determine how gender socialization has influenced how girls and boys communicate their experiences. Findings include girls’ tendency to offer in-depth responses, which reflect storytelling, while boys minimized their victimization by giving off a tough front. This study suggests that gendered patterns of language serve to reinforce gender differences in how girls and boys reflect on their experiences with bullying.
The Influence of Implicit Achievement Motive and Graphological Variables on Learning Variables  [PDF]
Nicole Gruber, Ludwig Kreuzpointner
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.612145
Abstract: There are several methods of implicit measurement. A very valid and wide spread assessment of motives by using the technique of projection is picture story exercises (PSE). Graphology, as theory of inferences on personality and motives by analyzing handwriting, is another one. The presented study examines the commons of the both measurement methods and their prediction of achievement behaviour. So, the achievement motive of 189 students was assessed using the PSE of Heckhausen (1963) and afterwards their handwriting was scored by a categorical system of Ploog (2013). Achievement related behaviour was operatively analyzed with self-reported learning time, learning behaviour and task-choice performance. It is shown that implicit motives measured by PSE are related with the criteria of task-choice performance. It is shown that both implicit motives measured by PSE and graphological variables deliver information about learning variables.
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