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Marching forward to the past? : Challenges and prospects for the new theology of land in Zimbabwe
Richard S. Maposa,James Hlongwana,Tasara Muguti
European Journal of Sustainable Development , 2013,
Abstract: The article seeks to delineate and evaluate some constraints that the new black farmers inthe former white commercial farms face in the backdrop of the contested land reformprogramme in Zimbabwe. Whereas there was euphoria in the manner the peasants‘occupied’ the commercial farms, but the current reality on the ground is pessimistic. Thestudy claims that instead of improving the quality of lives, the new black farmers appear tobe literally ‘marching forward tothe past’ in light of the continued challenges. This is how atheology of liberation comes to the fore. Methodologically, the descriptive method used apopulation sampling of fifty resettled farmers who occupiedCongela farm in Kwekwedistrict. This method was corroborated by the participant observations, questionnaires andinterviews as techniques to gather data fromthe field. This triangulation was necessary tofacilitate a holistic picture ofresource constraints faced by the resettled black farmers. Thestudy concludes by suggesting some recommendations which might help to promotesustainable development, justice and equality in Zimbabwe.
Subsistence Farmers' Knowledge in Developing Integrated Critical Pedagogy Education Curricula
Govender, Nadaraj
- , 2019, DOI: 10.25159/1947-9417/5841
Abstract:
Research on the Influence of Urbanization Structure on Farmers’ Income Increase—Based on the Perspective of Income Structure  [PDF]
Xueting Huang, Zengyang Wang, Zhian Ren
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2021.95029
Abstract: Different from the existing studies that examine the impact of the overall development level of urbanization on farmers’ income, this article empirically studies the impact of two aspects of urbanization level structure, “citilization” and “townization” on farmers’ income. Based on the empirical study of 31 provincial panel data from 2007 to 2018, it is found that “citilization” and “townization” can significantly improve farmers’ income, and the role of “townization” is obviously greater than that of “urbanization”. In terms of the impact of income components, “citilization” and “townization” have no obvious impact on wage income and operating income, but promote both property income and transfer income, and “townization” has an even greater effect. The policy implication of the research conclusion is that while using urban “engine” to drive economic growth, we should actively use the pivotal role of small towns to connect urban and rural development to promote rural revitalization and development.
Microcredit Schemes: A Tool for Promoting Rural Savings Capacity among Poor Farm Families: A Case Study in the Eastern Region of Ghana  [PDF]
Mercy Asamoah, Franklin Manu Amoah
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.31003
Abstract: Savings mobilization is crucial for any viable economic and investment activity. In rural agricul-ture, the ability to save or to mobilize capital in cash at bank or stock of wealth is a major prerequisite as the collateral for accessing bank loans. The ability to save among rural poor households is however, difficult due to their low income levels and inability to make personal savings commitment. According to Yunus (2000) [1], failure of traditional financial institutions to extend credit to the poor is the single most important reason for the perpetuation of poverty. Nevertheless, since the early 1980s, microfinance scheme has been identified as a useful tool that can effectively mobilise savings among poor households. Yunus (2003) [2] indicated that micro-credit schemes have developed unique characteristics in terms of unconventional approaches, organizational and lending procedures that have resulted in high rates of repayments, savings mobilization and the ability to nurture a culture of commitment and self-reliance of poor people. The objective of this study was to assess the role microfinance plays in savings mobilization among farm households, analyse the extent of savings mobilized by participants and evaluate the conditions for membership of such schemes. A total of 212 respondents in organised cocoa farmer Associations since 2010 in the Eastern region were interviewed using formal questionnaires. The results indicated that the microfinance model had helped the respondents, mainly small-scale cocoa farmers, to mobilize substantial savings in a convenient and tailor made way. The majority who did not have any savings culture before joining the schemes were surprised about their savings potential through the group concept. Also, the schemes allayed the fear of the participants to take credit from financial institutions with high (over 95%) repayment culture using peer support, group guarantee and social capital generated through the formation of associations. They also had easy access to farm inputs such as fertilizer to maintain their cocoa farms because of their savings mobilization. It is concluded that microfinance model is a potential tool that promotes savings culture which gives access to credit for small-scale cocoa farmers to purchase farm inputs to increase productivity and enhance their livelihood.
The Impact of the Game between Stakeholders on the Protection of Farmland  [PDF]
Fengchun Li, Weiji Zhou
Agricultural Sciences (AS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/as.2015.611126
Abstract: Arable land is a scarce resource with multiple values. However, the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization has posed an enormous challenge on the protection of it. This paper will first analyze three relative parties: farmers, local governments and central government. And then game theory will be used to study the behavior of these three parties so as to facilitate the conservation of farmland.
The Quantization of Black Holes, Lower Mass Limit, Temperature, and Lifetime of Black Holes in a Simple Way  [PDF]
Sirus Arya Enejad
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IJAA) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2021.111001
Abstract: We have shown that the permittivity of space grows for a beam of light as the gravitational field increases. Also, we have derived two values for Chandrasekhar limit. Using the necessity of equality of wavelengths in matching systems, we have derived the Hawking black hole temperature and evaporation time in an easier and completely different way, and shown that mass and wavelength of the field and black hole at Schwarzschild sphere are quantized. The extreme simplicity of the present new approach to black holes compared to those based on general relativistic ones should promote it.
Kenyan Counties Geospatial Data Knowledge to Monitor Crop Production  [PDF]
Anastasia Mumbi Wahome, John B. K. Kiema, Galcano C. Mulaku
Journal of Geographic Information System (JGIS) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/jgis.2023.156032
Abstract: Climate change effects have had negative effects on most farmers, both small and large-scale, with weather patterns increasingly becoming unpredictable, such that farmers are unable to plan well for their farming, resulting in reduced harvests and sometimes losses for farmers. Better availability of information such as weather patterns, suitable crops, nutrient requirements based on soil types and conditions would greatly alleviate these challenges. While geospatial information is being developed and improved continuously by researchers, its accessibility and use by the counties has not been established and cannot be identified as contributing to better crop production outcomes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the awareness and status of geospatial data availability and use for crop production, and the level of the relevant capacities, both human and infrastructural, in selected Counties of Kenya. A survey was conducted in the four counties of Vihiga, Kilifi, Wajir and Nyeri and key informant interviews were conducted with both management and technical County Agricultural Officers, as well as sub-county agricultural extension officers. From the results of the survey, out of the four counties, only one has adequate infrastructure in terms of hard-ware, software and connectivity to conduct useful geospatial data acquisition and processing. While most indicated awareness of the existence of geospatial data, limited resources, low skills and knowledge have restricted any meaningful sourcing of and access to data, with only 38% moderately or highly skilled in acquisition, 48% in processing and 57% in interpretation and use of geospatial data. The study concludes that moderate skills and capacities available within the counties have considerable potential to make use the available geospatial data to inform farmers accordingly and improve their farming outcomes.
Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Farmers and Non-Farmers in the Zou Region of Central Benin  [PDF]
Fidele Sonounameto, Marcelin Agbo, Colette Azandjeme, Santorin Seton, Mansouratou Betira, Jean-Baptiste Amagbegnon, Fresnel Cachon, Maximin Senou, Casmir Akpovi, Alphonse Sezan, Camille Dossou, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Joachim Gbenou, Omedine Koukoui
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines (JBM) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2023.1112027
Abstract: The heavy use of chemicals, pesticides, cosmetics and plastic packaging coincides with a resurgence of cardiovascular disease, in particular hypertension, which is affecting younger and younger populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive farmers compared with hypertensive non farmers. This was a prospective case-control study that included 239 hypertensive farmers and non farmers aged 25 to 65 with blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. Hypertensive farmers (101) represented 42.25% of the population versus hypertensive non farmers (138) 57.74%. The median ages were 47 ± 11.3 years for farmers and 51.45 ± 9.77 years for non farmers. Biochemical analysisand screening for major cardiovascular disease risk factors such as metabolic syndrome were performed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the new definition of the International Diabetes Federation. Our results revealed higher blood glucose levels in farmers (47.77%) than in non farmers (27.20%) (p = 0.0132). Dyslipidemia was more frequent in non farmerswith high level of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Farmers presented a high level of tryglycerides. The prevalence of obesity was higher in non farmers 51 (36.96%) than farmers 18 (17.82%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 106 (44.35%) in our study population. There was not an important difference between farmers (39.60%) and non farmers (47.82%). However, the variation of metabolic syndrome according to age and sex showed a higher prevalence in young male farmers aged 25 to 45 whereas non farmers presented an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to age and the absence of metabolic syndrome between age 25 and 35. Our results showed that the cardiovascular risk appeared early in young farmers compared with non farmers suggesting a possible role of pesticides in the onset of this risk.
Female Farmers Voiced Their Contribution to Household’s Food Security: A Case of Kazgail Village, North Kordofan  [PDF]
Rawia Alfadil Sharif Mahmoud, Shadia Abdelrahim Daoud
Advances in Applied Sociology (AASoci) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/aasoci.2024.145017
Abstract: The study aims to explore the contribution of female farmers to household food security. The qualitative method was used, to gather in-depth reactions and responses that focused on the information needed to analyze the attitudes, perceptions, and experience of female farmers towards their contribution to household food security. A sample of 18 female farmers was purposively selected. Group discussion with female farmers was used as method of data collection. A total of three group discussions were held over two weeks. During group discussions, female farmers voiced clearly their experiences to decide the types of food items to achieve household food security, and sort out the status of food security of their households. The narrated stories explained clearly and deeply systematically the experiences of female farmers as food producers. They voiced the challenges limited their contribution to household food security and with the limited opportunities available to them. The study concluded that female farmers in the study areas played major roles in their households’ food security from production to consumption. It is worth mentioning that they are the backbone of small-scale agriculture, farm labor, and day-to-day family subsistence. So, yet their contribution is uncountable, because of the subsistence nature of their work, which is considered as invisible family production. In order to enhance women smallholder farmers’ efforts to achieve food security and sustainability, governments, farmers’ organizations, financial services providers, civil society organizations and other relevant bodies should work in collaboration to ensure the empowerment of female farmers.
Assessing the Impact of Drought on the Livelihoods of the Communal Farmers in Kunene Region, Namibia  [PDF]
Nico L. Sisinyize, Olga K. Tjiueza
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2025.135014
Abstract: Drought is a recurrent climatic phenomenon that poses significant challenges to agricultural communities worldwide, particularly communal farmers who heavily rely on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods. This study investigated the socioeconomic impact of drought on communal farmers in Kunene Region, aiming to understand the multifaceted consequences and suggest strategies employed by affected communities. Utilizing a qualitative research methods approach, in which a phenomenological research design was used. The study comprised of twenty-two (22) respondents who were sampled using a convenient sampling. Qualitative data was gathered through key informant interviews. The analysis focused on assessing the direct and indirect effects of drought on various aspects of farmers’ livelihoods, including agricultural productivity, income generation, food security, and social well-being. This was done through thematic analysis. The study revealed that prolonged periods of drought have led to significant crop failures, resulting in reduced agricultural yields and income loss of communal farmers. Moreover, the depletion of water sources has exacerbated livestock mortality rates, further compromising households’ economic resilience. The cascading effects of drought have also strained food security, leading to increased reliance on external assistance and coping mechanisms such as migration and distress sales of assets. However, amidst these challenges, the study recommends that the government works in conjunction with NGOs to offer training and basic education that will equip communal farmers with survival skills in times of severe droughts. Furthermore, the government should work in close liaison with international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure that appropriate food supplementation is available to the affected areas, as well as support for child, maternal and mental health services which are quite prone during severe droughts. Further studies may focus on other regions and employ quantitative or mixed methods to enable generalizability of the findings. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical insights into the impact of drought on the livelihoods of the communal farmers.
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