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Avifaunal inventory of the Amazonian savannas and adjacent habitats of the Monte Alegre region (Pará, Brazil), with comments on biogeography and conservation
Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos,Sidnei de Melo Dantas,José Maria Cardoso da Silva
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi : Ciências Naturais , 2011,
Abstract: Knowledge of the avifaunal composition of Amazonian savannas is important in facilitating a greater understanding of thepatterns of evolution of the regional biota. Despite this, this vegetation type has been poorly sampled in comparison to adjacentrainforest habitats. The aim of this paper is to provide an avifaunal inventory of the savannas and other adjacent habitats ofMonte Alegre, on the left bank of Amazon River, northwestern Pará, Brazil. Our survey is based both on our own fieldworkand on previously-collected specimens deposited in museums. A total of 300 bird species have been recorded in the region.Ninety-four species (31.3%) were restricted to a single habitat type, indicating that habitat heterogeneity is important to theoverall species richness. Despite the fact that the Monte Alegre savannas present typical species restricted to this habitat,several open-country birds that occur in larger savanna areas located on the borders of Amazonia (along the Atlantic coastand close to the ‘cerrado’ boundaries) were not recorded in this area. Although Monte Alegre is species impoverished relativeto other savanna regions in the Amazon basin, the Monte Alegre savannas shelter the Sulfur-breasted Parakeet (Aratingamaculata), a vulnerable species in Pará state that is only known from the Guianan area of endemism (Aleixo et al., 2011). Wealso comment on biogeography, taxonomy, noteworthy records, natural history and conservation of the regional avifauna.
Bird Diversity of Dekinda Forest Reserve, Balana, Sri Lanka: Implications for Conservation
- , 2014, DOI: 10.4038/cjsbs.v43i1.7283
Abstract: Dekinda Forest Reserve, located close to the historic town of Balana,Sri Lanka (7°16’N, 80°29’E, 525-585m above sea level) consists of rainforest plant species spanning an area of about 40 ha. The forest has been maintained since the colonial times as a watershed reserve for nearby plantations, most of which comprised tea and paddy. The objective of the present study was to measure the avifaunal diversity in Dekinda Forest Reserve, as an indicator of its overall biodiversity, and compare it with those of nearby home gardens. The study was conducted from March to June, 2012. Point counts with unlimited distance were used in conjunction with Distance？ software (Release 6) to document the abundance and density of bird species. Peak counting hours were between 0600-0900 h and 1600-1830 h. Counts were made weekly. Despite its small size, the forest reserve is home to 58 bird species. Among the notable species, therewere six endemic species, namely, the Sri Lanka wood pigeon (Columba torringtoni) (estimated density 8/km2), Layard’s parakeet (Psittacula calthorpae) (19/km2), Sri Lanka lorikeet (Loriculus beryllinus) (70/km2), yellow-fronted barbet (Megalaima flavifrons) (79/km2), Sri Lanka scimitar babbler (Pomatorhinus melanurus) (11/km2), and brown-capped babbler (Pellorneum fuscocapillus) (10/km2). In addition, four proposed endemic species were also recorded. Given the importance of this forest as a watershed area and the large number of bird species it supports, Dekinda Forest Reserve is clearly an important site for biodiversity conservation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v43i1.7283 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43(1): 137-146, 201
Diversity and Conservation of Waterbirds in the Northern Avifaunal Region of Sri Lanka
Ceylon Journal of Science , 2017, DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v46i5.7462
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the waterbird diversity, distribution, and conservation status in the northern avifaunal region of Sri Lanka, which includes two of the four richest waterbird regions in Sri Lanka, namely Jaffna and Mannar. We compiled data from the annual waterbird censuses and monthly records of the Ceylon Bird Club from 2011 to 2017 and from a systematic survey carried out by us from October 2014 to March 2016.
Avifaunal Diversity in Urban Coastal Wetland of Colombo Sri Lanka  [PDF]
Ethauda A. K. K. Amarasekara, Hewawasam Bentotage Jayasiri, Champa Amarasiri
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1107256
Abstract: Sri Lanka is an island nation, exhibiting remarkable biological diversity in spite of its small size; Country has rich ecosystem diversity because of its topographic and climatic heterogeneity as well as its coastal influence. The wetland ecosystems in Sri Lanka have been internationally recognized for their outstanding biological prosperity and their conservation status. Sri Lanka’s wetlands are also diverse, comprised of 103 major rivers and associated marshes, and about 12,000 irrigation tanks harboring wetland species including inland and coastal wetland ecosystems which are even coming under Ramsar Wetland Sites. One such coastal wetland ecosystem in Sri Lanka is Crow Island coastal ecosystem. The Crow Island Beach Park is a public park located in Colombo—15 (6°58'24.1"N, 79°52'09.9"E). The land extent of this park is 7 ha. The beach park consists of rich avifaunal diversity since it is a coastal wetland. Sri Lanka has been recognized as a country with “important Bird areas”, a “key Asian region for threatened birds” and an “Endemic Bird Area”. The main objective of the present study was to document the avifaunal diversity of the coastal wetland of the beach park. Multiple surveys were conducted through random visits in the area for a period of two months from July to August 2020. Their status was evaluated from the National Red List. Diurnal and nocturnal observations were made through the unaided eye and using a binocular via multiple random walks and point counting method. A total of 28 bird species were recorded belonging to 14 orders and 22 families representing 5.69% of the birds recorded in Sri Lanka (492). Of the reported bird families, nine families represented Order Passeriformes while four species of birds found in the park represented family Ardeidae. This park is not only significant for biodiversity conservation but also for its value as a coastal wetland. The local community of the area is constantly interacting with the area for their living and for leisure. Consequently, these habitats are threatened by irresponsible human activities, such as garbage dumping, noise pollution, lighting fires for garbage burning, clearing of natural vegetation in and around wetlands. However, detailed survey has to be carried out to study the abundance, seasonal variation to recommend the conservation and management measures.
Efeitos da explora？？o madeireira de baixo impacto sobre uma comunidade de aves de sub-bosque na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Pará, Brasil
Henriques, Luiza Magalli Pinto;Wunderle Jr., Joseph M.;Oren, David C.;Willig, Michael R.;
Acta Amazonica , 2008, DOI: 10.1590/S0044-59672008000200010
Abstract: this study compares the avian response to low impact selective logging by comparing bird species distribution in control and cut forest during five years, with before and post-harvest samples. ordination analysis showed that the similarity of the bird community post-harvest was lesser than the similarity of samples before harvest. moreover, the order of abundances of the 43 most common species changed between before and 3 to 4 years post-harvest in the logged forest. logging affected capture rates for 20 species, either directly or with an interaction with time. the terrestrial insectivorous and mixed-species flocks were the guilds most affected by logging. both guilds showed decline, correlated with time, in abundances in cut forest. obligate army ant followers and arboreal insectivorous did not show differences between cut and control forest, but some species in these guilds showed logging effects, either directly or with an interaction between time and logging. frugivores also did not show logging effects. nectarivores increased in both the cut forest and in the control forest. temporal effects of increase or decline occurred in guilds and in 12 species occurring in the cut and control forest. this result suggests that temporal changes in the cut forest may have resulted from succession and temporal changes in the control forest may have resulted from nearby harvest with 40m3/ha intensity in adjacent forest blocks.
A avifauna da regi？o de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso
Silveira, Luís Fábio;d'Horta, Fernando Mendon？a;
Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (S？o Paulo) , 2002, DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492002001000001
Abstract: we inventoried the avifauna of the region of vila bela da santíssima trindade (including the municipality of pontes e lacerda), in mato grosso state, in the end of july of 1997. our results were compared with those of natterer and of willis and oniki, who covered the same region in the 1820's and 1980's respectively. we used different sampling methods, recording a total of 312 species of birds. most of species recorded are related with amazon region. a total of 472 bird species were recorded in guaporé valley when the results of the others authors were summed with ours results, and many of the species recorded by them were also recorded in our study. the cerrados of vila bela da santíssima trindade probably guards the largest population of a globally threatened species, the black-and-tawny seedeater, sporophila nigrorufa, as many other cerrado specialists and deserve immediate conservation measures.
Health insurance and switching behavior: Evidence from the Netherlands  [PDF]
Ferdy van Beest, Christiaan Lako, Esther-Mirjam Sent
Health (Health) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.410125
Abstract: Introduction: Since the introduction of the Health Insurance Act in the Netherlands in 2006, insurers are incentivized to compete on prices for basic health insurance, and on price and quality for supplementary insurance. The new health insurance system aimed to create a more competitive market in which consumers would switch health plans, thereby stimulating insurers to price competition and quality improvement. This article evaluates the switching behavior of Dutch consumers and evaluates whether this behavior is advantageous to the goals of the reform. Methods: Three surveys were conducted: from 2005-2006 (n = 478), 2008-2009 (n = 389), and 2010-2011 (n = 191). Results: In 2005-2006, almost 20 percent of the Dutch consumers switched their insurance company. In between 2006 and 2012, however, the percentage of switchers decreased to less than four percent. The main cause of this decrease is that consumers no longer perceive sufficient differences between insurance companies in terms of premium and service. In addition, consumers have difficulties finding the proper information making the right decision and believe they may not be accepted for the supplementary insurance. Consequently, insurance companies only perceive limited incentives to create a more competitive market. Conclusion: Clear and unambiguous information, combined with an obligatory acceptance for the supplementary insurance might help to improve the potential mobility of Dutch consumers.
Cryptorchidism in Sheep: A Clinical and Abattoir Survey in the United Kingdom  [PDF]
Keith C. Smith, Peter J. Brown, Frances J. Barr, Tim J. Parkinson
Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine (OJVM) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2012.24044
Abstract: This paper describes features of a study of different aspects of cryptorchidism in sheep in different parts of England. A total of 83 crytorchid testes (57 unilateral and 13 bilateral) were recognised in 70 animals post-slaughter at three abattoirs in the south west of England between June 2000-January 2004. Abdominal cryptorchids (60) were common than inguinal (23); 69% percent of cases were unilateral. External examination for cryptorchidism was carried out on 5134 young male lambs carried out in 2001 at Foot and Mouth Disease disposal sites, and on farms, during the UK outbreak of the disease. A total of 29 cases of cryptorchism [0.56%] were detected; 86% of cases were unilateral. In both situations the right testis was more commonly affected than the left.
CT Scans in Primary Survey for Polytrauma Patients  [PDF]
Purnajyoti Banerjee, Soumen Rudra, Madhusree Ghosh, Praveen Panose
Advances in Computed Tomography (ACT) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/act.2013.22009
Abstract: Managing critically injured patients are challenging. Victims of major trauma often present with a host of unknowns including the exact site and nature of injury with a need for urgent diagnosis and resuscitation. It takes significant clinical expertise to detect multiple injuries and implement life or limb saving treatment within a short period of time. Conventional radiographs and focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) scans are useful adjuncts to help in initial diagnosis. Conventional computer tomography (CT) investigations have been used for secondary survey in these scenarios. We reviewed the guidelines that regulate the use of CT scans in multiple injured patients in the UK. CT imaging is rapidly emerging as an adjunct to primary survey. It allows quick detection of major organ injury allowing focussed treatment whilst simultaneous initial resuscitation is underway. Availability of adequate resources is needed for widespread adaptation of this technique that involves manpower, relocation and refurbishment of the CT suites. Although it is not yet clear if using CT imaging during primary survey reduces mortality, it surely results in more organised patient care and efficient use of resources in an acute setting.
Experimental Analysis of Attitudes: The Factorial-Survey Approach  [PDF]
Sergio Herzog
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2017.51011
Abstract: A reading of the studies having been published by important sociological and criminological journals reveals a clear picture: for a variable to be considered dependent in a randomized experimental study (at least for those accepted and published by these journals), it has to be behavioral. The question asked in this article is, may only behavioral measures constitute dependent variables in highly qualified experimental studies? The answer is a distinct “no”, and attitudinal measures are also proposed as possible and legitimate dependent variables in randomized experimental studies. Here the factorial-survey approach, a relatively new survey technique, which combines the benefits of controlled, randomized experimental designs and conventional surveys, is suggested as a characteristic experimental technique in such studies. This article concludes that the factorial-survey approach may be considered an appropriate experimental technique in social science research—it produces findings that less developed methods are not able to examine.
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