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Electrocoagulation (Ec) of Styrene Butadiene Rubber from Aqueous Solution using different Electrodes
Mohamed Y. Alasqalan
- , 2020, DOI: 10.25141/2474-8811-2016-2.0037
Abstract: The removal of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using different electrodes was investigated. The main objectives of the experiments were to investigate the effects of the various operating parameters on the SBR and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from aqueous solution. The optimal operating condition for removal of (SBR) were : initial pH of 7.1, an initial polymer concentration of 200 mg/L, temperature of 30 oC, current density (25 mA/cm2) and salt concentration of (1.5 g/L) by using iron (Fe), stainless steel (SS) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. The results showed that the removal percentage for SBR and COD were (99.2% and 91.2 %), (99.4% and 93.5%) and (98.9 % and 90.2%) by using (Fe), (SS) and (Al) electrodes at 15 min respectively. The adsorption equilibriums were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the data fitted to Freundlich (R？2 = 0.954) better than Langmuir (R？2 = 0.777) model. The removal of SBR exhibited a pseudo first order reaction with rate constant (0.191, 0.245 and 0.142 min-1) for Fe, SS and Al electrodes respectivel
Facile Synthesis of Ternary Boron Carbonitride Nanotubes
Luo Lijie,Mo Libin,Tong Zhangfa,Chen Yongjun
Nanoscale Research Letters , 2009,
Abstract: In this study, a novel and facile approach for the synthesis of ternary boron carbonitride (B–C–N) nanotubes was reported. Growth occurred by heating simple starting materials of boron powder, zinc oxide powder, and ethanol absolute at 1150 °C under a mixture gas flow of nitrogen and hydrogen. As substrate, commercial stainless steel foil with a typical thickness of 0.05 mm played an additional role of catalyst during the growth of nanotubes. The nanotubes were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, and EELS. The results indicate that the synthesized B–C–N nanotubes exhibit a bamboo-like morphology and B, C, and N elements are homogeneously distributed in the nanotubes. A catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism was proposed for the growth of the nanotubes.
Study of Gallium Plating of Metal Electrodes  [PDF]
S. V. Gladyshev, R. A. Abdulvaliev, K. O. Beisembekova, G. Sarsenbay
Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering (MSCE) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/msce.2013.15008
Abstract: Conditions of gallium plating of metal electrodes were studied in the paper. It was found that stability of gallium cover depends on the material and is increasing in the raw: stainless steel 08Х18Н12Т < Steel 1, Steel 2, Steel 3, Steel 45 < Ni < Cd < Cu. Phase composition of the electrode surface layer obtained after gallium plating was studied. It was found that gallium with nickel form Ga36Ni64(Ga Ni2) compound and gallium with copper form CuGa2compound. Different acids were used for electrode leaching: H2SO4; HNO3; H3PO4; HCI. It was shown that only hydrochloric acid is suit-able for gallium plating of the electrodes.
Tribological Characteristics between Third Rail and Collector Shoe under Electric Current
地铁钢铝复合式第三轨/受电靴载流摩擦磨损特性研究
DONG Lin,CHEN Guang-xiong,ZHU Min-hao,ZHOU Zhong-rong,
董霖,陈光雄,朱旻昊,周仲荣
摩擦学学报 , 2007,
Abstract: A new test rig was developed by modifying the clamps and the control system of conventional pin-on-disc tester. The friction and wear characteristics of aluminum-stainless steel composite conductor rail and collector shoe used in metro power supply were investigated on the rig with an electrical current applied across the sliding interface. The morphologies of worn surfaces were observed and analyzed by means of laser confocal scanning microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Wear mechanisms with electric current were analyzed and discussed based on electric contact theory. Experiment results show that a threshold value of normal stress exists in friction and wear with the variation of electric current. If normal stress is larger than the threshold value, friction coefficients increase with the increasing of electric current, and current enhances mechanical wear. If normal stress is smaller than the threshold induces electric arc erosion. value, friction coefficients decrease with the increasing of electric current, and current Wear mechanisms of the part with current are dominated by adhesive and abrasive wear, but the material volume loss caused by electric arc erosion is much larger than it caused by mechanical wear. For a certain velocity, the threshold value of normal stress is an optimum normal stress, which makes not only electrical power supply stable but also mechanical wear lower and railway running cost saved.
Welding of AA1050 aluminum with AISI 304 stainless steel by rotary friction welding process
Eder Paduan Alves,Francisco Piorino Neto,Chen Ying An
Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management , 2010,
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to assess the development of solid state joints of dissimilar material AA1050 aluminum and AISI 304 stainless steel, which can be used in pipes of tanks of liquid propellants and other components of the Satellite Launch Vehicle. The joints were obtained by rotary friction welding process (RFW), which combines the heat generated from friction between two surfaces and plastic deformation. Tests were conducted with different welding process parameters. The results were analyzed by means of tensile tests, Vickers microhardness, metallographic tests and SEM-EDX. The strength of the joints varied with increasing friction time and the use of different pressure values. Joints were obtained with superior mechanical properties of the AA1050 aluminum, with fracture occurring in the aluminum away from the bonding interface. The analysis by EDX at the interface of the junction showed that interdiffusion occurs between the main chemical components of the materials involved. The RFW proves to be a great method for obtaining joints between dissimilar materials, which is not possible by fusion welding processes.
Thermal/electrochemical processing of slaughterhouse wastewater
Kollar, Robert,Na？, Karlo,Ore？？anin, Vi？nja
- , 2018,
Abstract: Sa？etak The paper presents slaughterhouse wastewater treatment implemented as a combination of thermal pre-treatment and main electrochemical treatment, with a simultaneous ozonation. The efficiency of the characteristic indicator removal and the quantity of generated sludge according to electrode types (stainless steel, iron and aluminium), treatment time (5-30 minutes) and amperage (50-100 A) was tested. The wastewater is characterized by a very unpleasant odour, high colouring value (17400 CoPt), turbidity (4230 NTU), total suspended solids (1730 mg dm-3), chemical oxygen demand (3720 mg dm-3) and biochemical oxygen demand (1870 mg dm-3) as well as increased values of ammonium (128 mg dm-3) and phosphates (93 mg dm-3). Thermal pre-treatment removed 98.23% turbidity, 89.94% colour, 75.14% total suspended solids (TSS), 49.73% BOD5 and 36.29% COD. A stainless steel electrode set proved to be the most efficient in the removal of organic indicators and ammonium and the lowest sludge volume, whereas aluminium electrodes were the most efficient in colour removal, although with the highest sludge production. The best results were achieved by a combination of all three electrode types, with a simultaneous ozonation of 20-minute contact time, amperage of 70 A and voltage of 10 V. Following the electrocoagulation / electrooxidation by stainless steel electrodes, electrocoagulation / ozonation by iron electrodes and electrocoagulation / ozonation with aluminium electrodes and the final ozonation, 100% colour, turbidity and TSS were removed as well as 99.77% COD and 99.25% BOD5, 99.98% phosphates, 99.80% ammonium and 43.86% total dissolved solids. All measured indicators complied with the conditions for discharge into the environment
Grain size effect on the structural parameters of the stress induced epsilonhcp: martensite in iron-based shape memory alloy
Nascimento, Fabiana Cristina;Mei, Paulo Roberto;Cardoso, Lisandro Pavie;Otubo, Jorge;
Materials Research , 2008, DOI: 10.1590/S1516-14392008000100012
Abstract: the aim of this work was to study the effect of austenitic grain size (gs) reduction on the structural parameters of the ehcp - martensite in stainless shape memory alloy (sma). rietveld refinement data showed an expansion in c-axis and a reduction in a and b-axis with thermo-mechanical cycles for all samples analyzed. samples with 75 < gs (μm) < 129 were analyzed. it was also observed an increase of the unit cell volume in this phase with gs reduction. the smallest grain size sample (gs = 75 μm) presented a c/a ratio of 1.649, and approximately 90% of total shape memory recovery.
Estudo do efeito de memória de forma em ligas inoxidáveis usando ensaio de compress？o
Nascimento, Fabiana Cristina;Mei, Paulo Roberto;Otubo, Jorge;
Rem: Revista Escola de Minas , 2010, DOI: 10.1590/S0370-44672010000300011
Abstract: the shape recovery properties of an fe-mn-si-cr-ni-co based alloy were studied using compression tests. analyzed were the elastic recovery (er), shape recovery (sr) and total shape recovery (tsr = er + sr) measurements as a function of training cycles. the results indicated that 3.3 was the best ratio between height (ho = 20 mm) and diameter (φo = 6 mm) to obtain a homogeneous deformation and defined loading curves. a major contribution of tsr was attributed to shape recovery. in the last training cycle, a tsr = 90 % was obtained, where 25% was attributed to er.
Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness of Molds Made of Aluminum, MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) and Steel  [PDF]
Azizov Shuhrat Mamatovich, Uzoqov Farxodjon, Shermuhammad Alijonov, Hasanov Ahmadjon, Mirzakarimov Mirsharofiddin
Engineering (ENG) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/eng.2022.148025
Abstract: We implemented the process of producing a new Rib in three different ways, and we selected the process that was the most affordable and required the least labor, and we did it. This paper also considers the influence of the cost of the form from MDF, Alumina and Steel on the quality of the product.
Utensílios para alimentos e implica？？es nutricionais
QUINTAES, Késia Diego;
Revista de Nutri？？o , 2000, DOI: 10.1590/S1415-52732000000300001
Abstract: many materials are used to make food utensils: clay, iron, glass, pottery stainless steel, stone, aluminum, etc. stainless steel utensils account for 43% of cookware sold in the usa. another part of the population uses aluminum utensils. this article aims at speculating on the nutritional contribution of utensils used for food preparation and made from three different materials (aluminum, iron and stainless steel), through a review of scientific literature.
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