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Environmental Issues in the Mining Sector of Mongolia  [PDF]
Ikhbayar Batmunkh
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2021.126025
Abstract: This research is the summary of the results of the environmental damage assessment and rehabilitation cost estimation works carried out involving in total, 242 gold-placers’ licensed areas, within the framework of implementation of the “Law on Prohibiting Exploration and Mining of Minerals at Sources of Rivers and Streams, within Protected zones of Water basins and Forest funds”, adopted by the Parliament of Mongolia, in 2009.
O contexto global e nacional frente aos desafios do acesso adequado à água para consumo humano
Augusto,Lia Giraldo da Silva; Gurgel,Idê Gomes Dantas; Camara Neto,Henrique Fernandes; Melo,Carlos Henrique de; Costa,André Monteiro;
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva , 2012, DOI: 10.1590/S1413-81232012000600015
Abstract: the scope of this article is to analyze the challenges involved in ensuring access to water for human consumption taking the international and national context into consideration. based on the un declaration that access to safe and clean drinking water is a fundamental human right, vulnerabilities are identified that can consist in restrictions to access to adequate supplies. the distribution of water and the population across the planet, pollution, inadequate policies and management lead to environmental injustice. the iniquity of access to water constitutes the contemporary water crisis. from the 1980s onwards, the transnational water market emerged for private control that occurs at three main levels: surface and underground water sources; bottled water; and public water supply services. the conflicts of the multiple uses of water resources, the market and environmental problems have contributed to rendering the health of the population and ecosystems vulnerable. adequate public policies are essential to ensure the basic human right to access to safe and clean drinking water.
Water quality analysis of Danube river in Serbia: Pollution and protection problems
Milanovi？ Ana,Kova？evi？-Majki？ Jelena,Milivojevi？ Milovan
Glasnik Srpskog Geografskog Dru？tva , 2010, DOI: 10.2298/gsgd1002047m
Abstract: Danube, as the most important European river provides opportunities for further economic development in Europe. Besides a number of potentials which this river has, there are certain limiting factors. One of the biggest problem is water quality and pollution, which will be the subject of analysis in this paper. Based on available data for the area of Serbia, it has been stated that the Danube is in III water quality class. According to data that have been collected about the biggest polluters, it was concluded that the biggest urban agglomerations and industry are inflexible located along the Danube River. For the purpose of revitalization and protection of river flow, in this article are presented some of the activities and projects in the European Union, in which is also Serbia included. .
Application of GIS in hydrogeology and engineering geology
Lucia Mihalová,？tefan Kuzevi？,？ofia Kuzevi？ová
Acta Montanistica Slovaca , 2007,
Abstract: Hydrogeology as a specific science discipline has a multi spectral interest focused to officiating sources in drink water and utilization water and also in area aimed for pure mineral water sources. Although engineering geology works exercise with piece of knowledge, geosciences are focused to territorial planning, investment construction and protection environment. Application of GIS in appointed problems purvey possibility quality, quick and high special analysis appointed problems and take advantage all accessible quality and quantity related information of water focused to hydrogeology, as to occurrence varied basement soil, appropriate for building activity, possibly appointed for protection. Solution of this probleme is on first name terms definite interest area, as to adjudication sources focused economic significance state.
Tackling pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from land-based sources by an integrated ecosystem approach and the use of the combined international and European legal regimes
Antoinette Hildering,Andrea M. Keessen,Helena F.M.W. van Rijswick
Utrecht Law Review , 2009,
Abstract: The successful protection of marine and freshwater areas and ecosystems, including specially protected areas, is highly dependent on the effectiveness of an integrated approach to prevent and combat land-based pollution. Several legal regimes have been developed to regulate and solve this kind of pollution on the international level as well as on the European level. Therefore, this integrated approach requires coherence between European and international legal regimes and between the regulation of freshwater and the seas. An effective legal regime should provide clear goals and clear responsibilities and take into account the relevant impacts and pressures and the transboundary elements of the action against pollution of the sea from land-based source areas, and therefore respond to the need for cooperation between states and the need for an integrated approach to regulate all impacts and pressures that could influence the goals and targets for the specific protected areas. Integrated programmes of measures are necessary and so are arrangements for cooperation and dispute settlement. The protection of the Mediterranean Sea is taken as an example of the integrated ecosystem approach to protect marine regions. The article focuses on pollution caused by land-based sources. The combined rights and obligations under EU law and international law – in particular the Barcelona Convention – are discussed, as well as the required integrated approach towards the marine environment. Existing legal protection regimes for marine regions and river basin catchment areas in both international and European law are analyzed in order to identify the promises and challenges for a coherent legal regime.
Considerations for the Hydraulic Design of Gravity-Fed Water Conduits in Areas with Rugged Terrain  [PDF]
Rodrigo Ruíz-Santos, Humberto Silva-Hidalgo, María Socorro Espino-Valdés, Adán Pinales-Munguía, Cornelio álvarez-Herrera, álvarez Jorge-Lucero
Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics (OJFD) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/ojfd.2026.161002
Abstract: The design of gravity-fed hydraulic systems in mountainous terrain profiles still has challenges, especially in rural areas. The steep topography can induce air in pipes, leading to a change of flow regime, hydraulic area reduction, and hydraulic head losses. Furthermore, the transition between pressurized and free-surface flow, which frequently occurs in pipelines with steep slopes, that is, in which this article focuses, can significantly reduce the hydraulic head and drastically decrease the flow capacity. This experimental work demonstrated that the actual conveyance capacity in a physical model was reduced by up to 75% compared to the theoretical value. Failure to consider this problem in the design of conveyance systems in steep terrain can lead to the incorrect application of mathematical models and conventional hydraulic design software, which do not account for flow regime transitions such as single-phase pressurized flow (liquid), two-phase pressurized flow (liquid and gas), or free-surface flow (liquid at atmospheric pressure). This analysis documents a problem that can be common in conveyance systems in rugged terrain, especially low-flow systems serving small mountain communities. It also highlights the urgent need to integrate advanced and specific criteria into the design of gravity functioning conveyance systems to ensure a safe and efficient water supply.
A Study on Legislation for Protection of Cultural Relics in China: Origin, Content and Model  [PDF]
Rong Chai, Hao Li
Chinese Studies (ChnStd) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/chnstd.2019.83011
Abstract: Since the promulgation of the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China in the last century, China’s legislation on the protection of cultural relics has gradually formed a multi-level system of protection of legal sources, including the constitution, laws and regulations. After a long period of legal amendment, the content of the legislation on cultural relics protection gradually concentrates on the ownership of cultural relics, the units responsible for the protection of cultural relics, and the legal responsibilities related to the destruction of cultural relics. The focus of the origin and content of Chinese legislation on cultural relics protection determines the direction of the development of legislative model. By comparing and analyzing the theory of cultural relics legislation mode in different countries, the legislative way of cultural relics protection in China should belong to the legislative mode of coexistence of comprehensive legislation and special single legislation.
News about Tap and Bottled Water: Can This Influence People’s Choices?  [PDF]
Josiane T. M. Queiroz, Mark W. Rosenberg, Léo Heller, Andréa L. M. Zhouri, Sara R. Silva
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.34041
Abstract: The pursuit of alternative safe water has increased dramatically the world trade in bottled water. Events happened in Canada which changed the population’s perception about the quality of tap water, despite all government efforts. Media has an important role to pass on information because there is value judgment in its reports. As a result, this study aims to present recent data from two Canadian newspapers of national circulation, which refer to tap water and bottled water. It used quantitative and qualitative data for this analysis. The study concludes that the media, taken into consideration, provides its readers with important information, but the information can also be ambiguous. Nevertheless, it arouses interest in further research about this subject matter and about protecting water resources.
CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN LA PARTE ALTA DE LAS CUENCAS JUAN COJO Y EL SALADO (GIRARDOTA - ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA)
Gómez Marín,Ana María; Naranjo Fernández,Darío; Martínez,Andrés Alfonso; Gallego Suárez,Darío de Jesús;
Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín , 2007,
Abstract: this work is a preliminary diagnosis of the actual state of the high-mountain water sources located in the juan cojo？s and el salado？s basins of the ne side of the aburrá valley; both belong to the girardota municipality (6o 20.951' n, 75o 27.199' w), between 1900 and 2500 meter above sea level, in the central mountain chain. in order to achieve this work, several samples were taken in august 10, 11, 17 and 19 of 2004. this preliminary study includes the physicochemical and mirobiological evaluation of 30 sampling points. just one of the 30 sampling points exhibited absence of microbiological pollution due to fecal and total coliforms. this fact suggests bad practices in the final disposal of domestic and farming water residuals. in the other hand, the physicochemical and the ica (water quality index) evaluation reveal that the sampled water sources exhibit typical characteristics of common low-mountain, non-polluted water sources. in other words, although pollution levels found in those water sources are not alarming, they do not exhibit the typical pollution levels found in natural high-mountain waters, as they should; even we could find some sampling points with meso-eutrophic conditions.
ArcGIS-Based Rural Drinking Water Quality Health Risk Assessment  [PDF]
Fuquan NI, Guodong LIU, Jian YE, Huazhun REN, Shangchun YANG
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2009, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2009.15042
Abstract: Aiming at the unsafe of water quality which is the core problem in rural drinking water safety, the study col-lected 221 water samples of rural drinking water sources in Ya'an and detected the concentrations of the car-cinogen and the non-carcinogen. Based on the analysis of water environment characteristics and the identifi-cation of water environment health risk source of Sichuan Ya’an City, which includes seven counties and a district and is the typical region of the western margin of Sichuan Basin, this study calculated and analyzed the carcinogenic risk (R) and non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index, HI) by applying the health risk model recommended by the US National Research Council of National Academy of Science. Then, taking advan-tage of the geo-statistic spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, this study analyzed the assessment result data (R and HI), selected the proper interpolation approach and educed R and HI spatial distribution maps of the study area. R and HI of the single factor and integrate factors were evaluated and thus obtained the following conclusions: For one thing, the cancerous risk indexes of the vast majority of water sources (about 94%) is the level of 10-7 and it belong to the safety extension. The main carcinogen in the water sources are As, Cr6+ and Pb, their concentrations are in the ranges of 0.004-0.01, 0.005, 0.01mg/l respectively and such water source mainly distributed in Yucheng district and Mingshan county. For another, the non-cancerous hazard indexes of the vast majority of water sources (about 98%) is also less than the limit value 1 and will not harm the local residents. The health risk of non-carcinogen comes mainly from As and fluoride, their concentra-tions are in the ranges of 0.004-0.01 and 0.1-4.2mg/l respectively. The results of the integrate factors health risk assessment showed that the total cancerous risk were still at the level of 10-6, only 12 drinking water source investigation sites (5%) exceeded the drinking water management standard value of EPA (the limit value is 10-6); the total non-cancerous hazard indexes are still in the range of 10-2-10-1, and will not harm the local residents either, only 18 drinking water source investigation sites (8%) exceeded the drinking water management standard value of EPA(the limit value is 1).The densely populated areas such as Yucheng Dis-trict, Tianquan County, Yingjing County and Shimian County are where the four contaminating materials, i.e., As, Cr6+, Pb and fluoride should be monitored with emphasis. Study results disclosed the health risk control indexes
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