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匹配条件： “measurement of parental childcare” ，找到相关结果约1000条。
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Harmonising extended measures of parental childcare in the time-diary surveys of four countries – Proximity versus responsibility
Killian Mullan,Lyn Craig
Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research , 2009,

Abstract: Measures of childcare drawn from time-diary data are commonly based on the specific childcare activities a parent engages in throughout the day. This emphasis on activities has been criticised as it ignores the large quantity of time parents spend supervising their children. In order to provide more accurate estimates of childcare that incorporate supervisory childcare, researchers have turned to extended measures of care based on being i) in proximity to children or ii) responsible for children. There has been debate about the extent to which these approaches each measure the same aspect of childcare. In addition, it is thought they may be sensitive tothe way surveys have been designed, which can affect the extent to which they can be compared crossnationally. We argue that measures of proximity and responsibility are conceptually interchangeable, anddemonstrate that they can be harmonised and compared cross-nationally. Finally, we suggest ways in which these extended measures of childcare can be made increasingly comparable cross-nationally.

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Changes in Parental Time with Children in China, 2004–2011
Sibo Zhao
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0363199017746449

Abstract: Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this research addresses the limitations of previous research on parental involvement in childcare in China by examining the cohort variations in parents’ childcare time and exploring the influences of individual characteristics on childcare for each parent within the family. The results show that while the trend in men’s childcare time increased from 2004 to 2011, women’s childcare time slightly decreased over the same period; however, while women spent more childcare time in more recent cohorts relative to earlier cohorts, there is no significant change across men’s cohorts

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Measuring food provision in Western Australian long day care (LDC) services: a weighed food record method/protocol at a service level
Amanda Devine,Johnny Lo,Leesa Costello,Ros Sambell,Ruth Wallace
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0462-2

Abstract: Process of data collection and data entr

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Are parental leaves considered as work interruptions by survey respondents? A methodological note
Chaowen Chan,Dana Hamplová,Céline Le Bourdais
Canadian Studies in Population , 2012,

Abstract: Parental leaves and family-related work interruptions are linked to a variety of issues, such as children’s well-being or women’s work trajectories. Yet, the measurement of periods of absence from the labour market might be imprecise, especially in retrospective surveys. To evaluate the quality of the collected information, we examine whether women who reported taking a parental leave longer than six months also mentioned a corresponding work interruption, using the 2008 Living in Canada Survey (LCS) – Pilot. Our analysis shows that nearly half of women failed to do so. We investigate the sources of the discrepancy and suggest possible avenues of change for future surveys.

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The EASI: Factor Structure and Measurement and Structural Invariance between the Parent’s Gender, the Child’s Age, and Two Measurement Time Points [PDF]
Yukiko Ohashi, Toshinori Kitamura
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2019.1016138

Abstract: Background: The EASI (measuring Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Impulsivity) is a widely used instrument to measure children’s temperament. However, its factor structure and its measurement and structural invariances have rarely been studied. The purpose of our study is to report the factor structure of the EASI in a larger population in Japan searching for the model that fits the data sufficiently as well as the final model’s measurement and structural invariance. Methods: A net-survey collected data from 531 mothers and 369 fathers of 3- to 4-year-old Japanese children. A test-retest survey was conducted of 173 mothers and 127 fathers out of the first group of participants. Results: The original 4-factor structure (excluding 6 items) with a general factor (influencing E and I) showed an acceptable fit. This model also satisfied measurement and structural invariance between fathers and mothers, boys and girls, 3- and 4-year-old, and times 1 and 2. Differences emerged between mothers and fathers in terms of the means of some factor scores. Conclusion: We recommend the use of 4 subscale scores as well as a composite score of E and I.

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Exploring Childcare: A North West of Ireland Study
Maureen O'Hara
Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies , 2009,

Abstract: This study sought to explore and examine if the provision of full day care improves the quality of life for children and their parents. There are now 60.8% of women employed in the workforce (CSO, 2008). This means many changes for children, parents and families. Twenty-seven childcare managers in the north west of Ireland were interviewed. Also, 325 questionnaires were completed by working parents. Babies as young as four months are being cared for in childcare facilities from 6.45am until 6pm daily, five days per week. Some children are spending up to 11 hours per day in childcare facilities. The study concluded that full day care can have both positive and negative effects for children. Childcare facilities are providing good quality childcare encompassing various services. Parents are finding it difficult to manage work life balance. Health dominated quality of life issues. Two hundred and thirty five (235) (73%) parents reported being stressed. The study also found that 315 (97%) working parents feel that the government is not doing enough to support working parents. On a positive note, 241 (74%) parents said they are happy in general with the quality of life for them, their family and their children.

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In the Name of the Father: A Discussion on (New) Fatherhood, Its Assumptions and Obstacles
Maskalan, Ana
- , 2016, DOI: 10.3935/rsp.v23i3.1295

Abstract: Sa？etak Deliberation on the concepts of father and fatherhood and their literal and symbolic meanings makes the starting point of this paper. Furthermore, a short historical overview is combined with selected theories of fatherhood, which serve as a framework for placing the issues regarding modern fatherhood in the appropriate context. That context, it is concluded, rests on the historical interdependence of fatherhood, masculine identity and political power where traditional determinants of masculinity, such as aggressiveness and emotional detachment, represent a major obstacle to the fulfilling and positive father-child relationship. That relationship is partially discussed in relation to the concept of equal parental partnership, implying not only the new forms of fatherhood but the new forms of masculine identity as well. Unfortunately, there are still many obstacles to modern fatherhood, the most important one being gender inequality manifested through traditional male bread-winner and female child-rearer models. Subsequently data is provided on values and practices of Croatian men and women regarding childcare, that were collected and analysed in 2013 as part of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and its survey on family and changing gender roles. The arising conclusion is that although many positive changes have been made the Croatian society has got a long way to go to both equal parenting and gender equality. Also, it is important to note that as a subject of political and legal controversy fatherhood cannot and must not be considered independently of the wider gender issues regarding motherhood, social status of men and women, as well as socio-economic assumptions of both fatherhood and motherhood

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Elabora？？o e estudo de propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Práticas Parentais
Benetti, Silvia Pereira da Cruz;Balbinotti, Marcos Alencar Abaide;
Psico-USF , 2003, DOI: 10.1590/S1413-82712003000200002

Abstract: the goal of this study is to develop a parental practices inventory (ipp) assessing mothers and fathers’ socialization behaviors with school-age children. the need to build and verify the psychometric characteristics of the new instrument, based on social-cognition and systemic theoretical viewpoints, is systematically presented. a sample of 106 parents mothers and fathers with children aged from 6 to 10 years old was utilized to assess the psychometrics characteristics of the first version. item and dimension analysis, correlation and exploratory factor analysis were performed on the results, which support the theoretical construct of the instrument. further studies are still needed to obtain more data about the validity of the instrument ipp.

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Study of anthropometric parameters in young healthy individuals having parental history of hypertension: a study conducted on college going adolescents
Sanjay Choudhary,Smrutiranjan Nayak , Varun Gaiki , Meenakshi Khapre, Abhay Mudey, Vasant Wagh
International Journal of Biological and Medical Research , 2011,

Abstract: Background: Treatment of hypertension has been shown to prevent CVD and to extend and enhance life; but hypertension still remains inadequately managed. So there lies the importance of primary prevention but to who it be cost effectively applied is not clear. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Junior college where a group of 150 students having parental History of Hypertension constituted the study group while age and sex matched group of 150 students with no parental history of Hypertension constituted the control group. Methods: Participants were evaluated according to pre-designed protocol with anthropometric parameters like height in cm, weight in kg, body mass index, waist hip ratio, skin fold thickness. Results: Of the 300 persons studied 63% were male and 37% female. 49%, 51% of males and females respectively had history of hypertensive parents. The proportion of male and female with BMI 25 or more was significantly higher in those with parental history of hypertension than those without it. A significantly higher proportion (58.06%) of males and females (52.63) with history of hypertensive parents had WHR more than cut off value. Triceps skin fold thickness was 1.0 mm greater in both sexes with a positive parental history of hypertension. Conclusion: All the above anthropometric parameter were associated with the parental history of hypertension

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Parental Care, Children’s Cognitive Abilities and Economic Growth: The Role of Fathers [PDF]
Debora Di Gioacchino
Theoretical Economics Letters (TEL) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/tel.2012.23046

Abstract: Human capital is a key determinant of economic growth. Parents’ involvement during childhood is a predictor of educational attainment later in life. Thus, time devoted by parents to childcare is an important productive activity for society. This paper presents a model in which parental childcare is a key factor in determining children’s cognitive abilities. Parents’ must allocate their time between paid job and childcare. Because of diminishing return, the optimal allocation of parents’ time requires both parents to spend some time in childcare. Since a suboptimal allocation of time has implications both for children's cognitive abilities and for economic growth, our result has important policy implications.

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