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Problems to Be Faced Measuring Real Income per Capita: The Case of Mexico  [PDF]
Carlos Encinas-Ferrer
Open Journal of Applied Sciences (OJAppS) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/ojapps.2016.63020
Abstract: The last 35 years have been characterized, worldwide, for lack of economic growth and increasing inequality in income distribution and its concentration. This has resulted in increased poverty and falling purchasing power of the middle classes, which has become the most serious problem with which we enter the twenty-first century. Mexico has been no exception. This article covers the first part of the research I’m doing in the 9th. Researchers call for 2015-2016 of the De La Salle University Bajio in Leon, Mexico. In the second part I will discuss inequality in income deciles in which is statistically divided our population and the way in which the concentration of income in fewer hands is affecting the market performance. This research has required having historical series covering the last 57 years of economic and population growth in Mexico. Measure the evolution of gross domestic product (GDP) from the beginning of the presidential terms from 1959 to 2015. It has been problematic since in Mexico there are not series covering the entire period. I had to go to the World Bank data (WB) which provides them from 1960. We found discrepancies in GDP series between those of WB, International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Organization (UNO) and the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (INEGI) from Mexico. The second difficulty appeared in the series of the population of our country. There are also discrepancies between census data and estimates of the same INEGI. Moreover, the series of WB and Penn World Table (PWT) also show differences between them. Converting the results of real GDP per capita to dollars had no difficulty due to information from the Mexican Central Bank (BM). The conversionto interccnational dollars as estimated by the purchasing power parity (PPP) was obtained from PWT 8.1.
Income Concentration and Its Impact on Economy and Society: The Case of Mexico  [PDF]
Carlos Encinas-Ferrer
Modern Economy (ME) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/me.2017.82015
Abstract: As we move into the twenty-first century the problem that concentration and inequality in income distribution represent for the World is accentuated more and more. The great crisis of 2008 and its aftermath, the crisis in the Eurozone, took place due to a fall in aggregate demand. While the productive sector was working below its capacity, demand accumulated insufficiencies initiated years earlier. Since 1982 and the great crisis of external debt the neoliberal political system exacerbated the problem starting the dismantling of the welfare state based on the theories of John Maynard Keynes that had been built since the end of World War II. Neoliberalism disguised their ideology clearly in favor of the big transnational capital through developmentalist arguments unsubstantiated and that after nearly four decades of failure they refuse to recognize.
Economic development and direct foreign investment in the transition economies
Mrdakovi？-Cvetkovi？ Ru？ica
Economic Annals , 2006, DOI: 10.2298/eka0671075m
Abstract: The paper deals with the problems related to economic development in Serbia and Southeast-European countries. Comparative analysis has been used for distinguishing typical changes of gross domestic product, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product per capita in Serbia, the countries of Southeast Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The analysis indicates that the levels of both the gross domestic product (GDP) and production in Serbia and other countries are currently lower than in 1989, the year generally taken as the beginning of the process of transition from centrally planned to market economies. .
？CUANDO LOS PAíSES AUMENTAN SUS EXPORTACIONES LES VA MEJOR?
CONCHA VELáSQUEZ,JOSé ROBERTO;
Estudios Gerenciales , 2002,
Abstract: by comparing per capita exports of various countries with their corresponding hdi (human development index) and per capita gross domestic product (gdp), from 1990 to 1998, one finds a positive correlation between increased exports (total as well as per capita) and the standard of living. thus, increased exports are a valid indication of improved living conditions. similarly, countries with decreasing exports exhibit drops in both their hdi and per capita gdp.
Financing of the Mexican health system (1980-2007) and equity
Molina-Salazar R,Carbajal-de-Nova C,Fajardo-Ortiz G
Pratiques et Organisation des Soins , 2010,
Abstract: Aim: At the moment, Mexico is immersed in several crises due in its majority to the economic stagnation. In order to get out from the crisis, Mexico needs to diminish inequities in the access to health services. This last, could be obtained through a greater health public expenditure. Several studies have been proved that an increase in the population health levels causes a greater people productivity and economic growth. This work approaches this idea, and tries to give an advice about the use of the public expenditure.Methods: This task is carry on by analyzing the econometric relationships between the public expenditure on health, the index of income inequality, the gross domestic product per capita, and the rates of maternal and child mortality for the annual period of 1980 to2007.Results: The results points out that an increase in health public expenditure could ameliorate the income equity, and also diminish the rates of maternal and child mortality.Conclusion: Therefore, one would hope that a greater health public expenditure improves the equity of access to health services; this is it, because nowadays this access is financed to a large extent by out of the pocket expenditure. A greater access to the health services could raise the health levels, along with an increase in productivity and economic growth.Prat Organ Soins 2010;41(2):129-133
The analysis of the correlation between the economic growth and crude steel production in the period 1991-2011
G. Dobrot？,C. C？runtu
Metalurgija , 2013,
Abstract: The use of steel in the production of rolled necessary to any economy has determined a continuous increase of production. In the context in which this metal has become a foundation for the entire world, the steel production can be considered an important economic indicator in the analysis regarding the performance of a company. The purpose of this work is to analyze the trend of the crude steel production and the correlation between this and the economic growth. The data used were reported to a set of six countries for the period 1991 to 2011. The results obtained demonstrate the fact that the economic growth rate influence the production of crude steel, but in different proportions from a country to another.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GDP/ CAPITA AND EMPLOYMENT RATE OF PEOPLE- ECONOMETRIC MODEL ANALYSIS
Ligia PRODAN
Revista Roman？ de Statistic？ , 2012,
Abstract: It is presented the evolution of Employment rate of work age population (aged 15-64) by gender and area, as well as statistical correlation between Gross Domestic Product/capita and Employment rate of population in Romania (during 2002-2011).
The analysis of the correlation between the economic growth and crude steel production in the period 1991-2011
C？runtu, C.,Dobrot？, G.
- , 2013,
Abstract: Sa？etak The use of steel in the production of rolled necessary to any economy has determined a continuous increase of production. In the context in which this metal has become a foundation for the entire world, the steel production can be considered an important economic indicator in the analysis regarding the performance of a company. The purpose of this work is to analyze the trend of the crude steel production and the correlation between this and the economic growth. The data used were reported to a set of six countries for the period 1991 to 2011. The results obtained demonstrate the fact that the economic growth rate influence the production of crude steel, but in different proportions from a country to another
BULGARIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EU INTEGRATION
Christova-Balkanska, Iskra
- , 2017,
Abstract: Sa？etak The present research is devoted to the "economic catch-up" and the convergence of the macroeconomic indicators and the living standards of Bulgaria and the new EU Member States from Central and Eastern Europe with those of the developed economies of the EU. It is clarified that the economic and social development and territorial integrity of the EU are dependent on the successful convergence of the Member States and not only on that of the separate levels. With the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, compliance with the nominal economic indicators becomes a prerequisite for entry into the euro area. The establishment of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the most significant element of economic integration into the EU. The question arises: to what extent does the EMU contribute to the economic convergence of the Member States? The main question remained how do the economic development of Bulgaria is assisting the convergence process of Bulgaria to the EC economies
Analysis of China’s Import from & Direct Investment in ASEAN—Based on Gravity Models  [PDF]
Juan Wang, Yusheng Kong, Haijun Wang
Technology and Investment (TI) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ti.2013.41003
Abstract:

China and Southeast Asian nations free trade area was formally established on January 1, 2010. By the end of year 2011, China’s foreign exchange reserves exceeded 3200 billion US dollars. Trade gravity model originates from the law of universal gravitation. Domestic researchers have made empirical studies using trade gravity model of trade between China and Southeast Asian nations. There are also studies of foreign direct investment or Chinese tourist arrivals in Vietnam, using gravity model. However, neither tariff and foreign exchange reserves are taken into consideration in studying China and Southeast Asian nations free trade area, nor gravity model is used in analyzing China’s direct investment and tourist arrivals in Southeast Asian nations. Using econometrics software “Eviews 5.0” and based on a panel data from year 2000 up to 2008, this paper constructs a gravity model, the independent variables of which are gross domestic product per capita of CAFTA countries, foreign exchange reserves of CAFTA countries, squares of southeast Asian nations, and distance between China and southeast Asian nations. And quantitative relationship is made between independent variables and China’s direct investment in Southeast Asian nations, import from Southeast Asian nations, as well as arrivals of Chinese visitors in Southeast Asian nations.

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