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Slags from steel production: Properties and their utilization
J. Vlcek,V. Tomkova,H. Ovcacikova,F. Ovcacik
Metalurgija , 2013,
Abstract: During steel production a considerable amount of slags is produced. In addition to its usual processing, as recycling in device for steel production and preparation of aggregates, it is also possible to apply less common slag processing ways. Depending on cooling mode of the steel slags these may show some binding properties. Geopolymer type binders can be prepared from the slag using alkali activators or the hydraulic properties of the dicalciumsilicate present in the slag can be induced by water. The paper summarizes present state of material utilisation of the steel slags with focus on emphasize of the possible sources of the slag volume instability. The influence of process of slag cooling on its phase composition is documented. It was also found that slags from real sources show different parameters compared to samples obtained for laboratory examination.
Slags from steel production: Properties and their utilization
Matejka, V.,Ovcacik, F.,Ovcacikova, H.,Tomkova, V.,Topinkova, M.,Vlcek, J.
- , 2013,
Abstract: Sa？etak During steel production a considerable amount of slags is produced. In addition to its usual processing, as recycling in device for steel production and preparation of aggregates, it is also possible to apply less common slag processing ways. Depending on cooling mode of the steel slags these may show some binding properties. Geopolymer type binders can be prepared from the slag using alkali activators or the hydraulic properties of the dicalciumsilicate present in the slag can be induced by water. The paper summarizes present state of material utilisation of the steel slags with focus on emphasize of the possible sources of the slag volume instability. The influence of process of slag cooling on its phase composition is documented. It was also found that slags from real sources show different parameters compared to samples obtained for laboratory examination
Communication: Phase Diagram, Microstructure and Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics  [PDF]
Kuochung Liu
Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry (AMPC) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2026.166012
Abstract: The Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and its necessary and sufficient condition can be used to explain the phase diagrams of one or two components. In these explanations, the lowest molar total chemical potential of atomistic features plays an important role, while the common tangent and lever rule are useful in understanding binary phase diagrams. In explaining the microstructural evolution at a composition of a binary phase diagram, the driving force, the mobility of atomistic features and lever rule etc. can be well applied. Recently the use of machines or AI in the optimization of material properties is highly valued. More effective results could be obtained if the users of these tools have better understanding of the Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and kinetics. The discussed topics are: T-T-T curves and phase diagrams, T-T-T curves of 1080 steel, T-T-T curves of other materials, systems containing low-melting impurities.
Studying microstructure and phase composition of a new complex calcium containing alloy
Bartenev, I.,Baysanov, A.,Issagulov, A.,Issagulovа, D.,Makhambetov, E.,Roshchin, V.,Sirgetayeva, G.
- , 2016,
Abstract: Sa？etak In the given article there are presented the results of studying the microstructure and phase structure of a complex alloy of alumosilicon with calcium. It is established that in the studied CAMS alloy active elements are present at a type of difficult intermetallid that positively influences quality of both ordinary, and qualitative brands of steel
Algunas influencias de la composición química sobre la viscosidad de las escorias sintéticas usadas en la colada continua del acero
Heput, T.,Ardelean, E.,Kiss, I.
Revista de Metalurgia , 2005,
Abstract: The continuous cast semifinished products quality is in a major part influenced by the lubrication process from the mould, which is influenced at its turn by slag viscosity, resulted from the melting of the lubrication powders. In the paper it is analysed the chemical composition influence on slag viscosity. The research targeted establishing some correlations between the dynamic viscosity and the chemical composition of the slag. For the chemical composition it was chosen as variable factors (representative components) the contents of CaO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 (the last two expressed through Al2O3/ SiO2 ratio). The experiments for viscosity were performed on slags at temperatures of 1350 °C. Processing the data was performed in MATLAB laboratories, obtaining four (4) multiple correlations. The results are presented both in an analytical form and in a graphical form. The use of the obtained relations allows determining slag viscosity with a mathematical error, and using graphical correlations allows establishing the variation area (the limits) of viscosity to the representative components La calidad de productos semiacabados de la colada continua está influenciada, en gran parte, por el proceso de lubricación de la matriz que, a su vez, está influenciado por la viscosidad de escoria que resulta de la colada de polvos de fundición. Este trabajo analiza la influencia de composición química sobre la viscosidad de la escoria. La investigación ha tenido como meta establecer unas correlaciones entre la viscosidad dinámica y la composición química de la escoria. Para la composición química se han escogido como factores variables (componentes representativos) el contenido de CaO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 (los dos últimos expresados por la razón Al2O3/SiO2). Los ensayos sobre la viscosidad se han realizado sobre escoria a temperaturas de 1.350 °C. El análisis de los datos se ha efectuado en los laboratorios MATLAB y se han obtenido cuatro correlaciones múltiples. Los resultados se presentan tanto en forma analítica como gráfica. La utilización" de las relaciones obtenidas permite determinar la viscosidad de las escorias con un error matemático y la utilización de las correlaciones gráficas permite establecer el área de variación (los límites) de la viscosidad, para los componentes representativos.
GRASS SPECIES FROM C-4 CARBON FIXATION GROUP: POLISH EXPERIMENT WITH A NOVEL ENERGY AND FORAGE PURPOSES CROP
W？odzimierz Majtkowski,Gabriela Majtkowska,Jaros？aw Pi？at,Jan Miko？ajczak
Journal of Central European Agriculture , 2010,
Abstract: Experiment was conducted during four years 2003-2006. Materials used were three genus grass species of C-4 photosynthesis: Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Panicum virgatum L. and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. Plants were planted at spring 1998. Agrotechnical part of experiment was conducted in Botanical Garden of Plant Breeding Acclimatization Institute in Bydgoszcz and analytical part in Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology of University of Technology and Life Science in Bydgoszcz. Forage from grass C-4 photosynthesis were material of good ensilage suitability. High structural carbohydrates (NDF, ADF) contents in tested forage dry matter suggest ensilage at early phases of plant development. Above results suggest to possibility of usage of forage from grass C-4 carbon fixation group for animal feeding purposes. C-4 grass forage should be recognized as a supplementary source of green matter in periods of insufficient access to traditional silage sources.
GRASS SPECIES FROM C-4 CARBON FIXATION GROUP: POLISH EXPERIMENT WITH A NOVEL ENERGY AND FORAGE PURPOSES CROP
MAJTKOWSKA, Gabriela,MAJTKOWSKI, W？odzimierz,MIKO？AJCZAK, Jan,PI？AT, Jaros？aw
- , 2009,
Abstract: Sa？etak Experiment was conducted during four years 2003-2006. Materials used were three genus grass species of C-4 photosynthesis: Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Panicum virgatum L. and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. Plants were planted at spring 1998. Agrotechnical part of experiment was conducted in Botanical Garden of Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute in Bydgoszcz and analytical part in Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology of University of Technology and Life Science in Bydgoszcz. Forage from grass C-4 photosynthesis were material of good ensilage suitability. High structural carbohydrates (NDF, ADF) contents in tested forage dry matter suggest ensilage at early phases of plant development. Above results suggest to possibility of usage of forage from grass C-4 carbon fixation group for animal feeding purposes. C-4 grass forage should be recognized as a supplementary source of green matter in periods of insufficient access to traditional silage sources
DETERMINING THE COMPOSITION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF FOSSIL FUEL BASED ON VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING
Velibor V Vujovi？
Thermal Science , 2011, DOI: tsci100928007v
Abstract: This paper presents the algorithm and results of a computer program for calculation of complex equilibrium composition for the high temperature fossil fuel combustion products. The method of determining the composition of high temperatures combustion products at the temperatures appearing in the open cycle MHD power generation is given. The determination of combustion product composition is based on minimization of the Gibbs free energy. The number of equations to be solved is reduced by using variational principles and a method of geometric programming and is equal to the sum of the numbers of elements and phases. A short description of the computer program for the calculation of the composition and an example of the results are also given.
Ion exchange: an advanced synthetic method for complex nanoparticles
Don-Hyung Ha,Geonhee Cho,Yoonsu Park,Yun-Kun Hong
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0187-0
Abstract: The crystalline structures of roxbyite Cu2？xS and wurtzite CoS/MnS. The selective transformation of template Cu2？xS NPs into CoS and MnS NPs is related to the conservation of the HCP anion lattice during the exchange of cation
Aqueous Leachate from Electric Furnace Slag
Cerjan-Stefanovi？, ？tefica,Rastov？an-Mio？, Alenka,？urkovi？, Lidija
- , 2000,
Abstract: Sa？etak In manufacturing manganese and carbon steel in the basic electric arc furnace, 70 to 80 kg of slag per tonne of steel is produced, whereas the grey cast production results in 30 to 40 kg of slag per tonne of grey cast. Such large slag volumes require special care for their disposal at landfills near steel and rolling mills. It is therefore necessary to examine the chemical stability of slag under various conditions. The paper reports examinations of the chemical and phase composition of slag, as well as the number of anions and cations. The number of anions and cations in water eluates was determined in order to define the influence of such material on the environment. The phase composition of slag was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. Eluated anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3- and SO42-) were determined by ion-chromatographic analysis. Eluated cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) were established by spectrometric atom absorption. Changes in pH, conductivity and chemical composition of water eluates were monitored for 96 hours. The results have shown that the examined slag material could, with regard to its chemical and phase composition, constitute a stable Fe-Mn-Ca silicate material. However, elution of the examined components, along with the change in conductivity and pH value, implies that slag is not chemically inert and that therefore the problem of slag disposal has to be approached paying special attention on its potential impact on the environment
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