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Acceptability of Immunization against COVID-19 by the Populations of the Kasenga State Health Area in the Uvira Health Zone, DR Congo  [PDF]
Derrick Bushobole Akiba, Eric Amuri Madabali, Robert Bushambale Fataki, Abel Asende Luhendama, Jacques Mutono Matongo, Faustin Bukuru Mudage, Christian Banyakwa Mitunda, Saili Stay Mushobekwa, Michel Byaombe Wa Ngene, Martin Longolongo Kiza, Paulin Mulogoto Rushanika, Emmanuel Nirambo Rujanjika, Henry Manya Mboni, Criss Koba Mjumbe
Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials (JIBTVA) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/jibtva.2024.133003
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 was an emerging disease putting all public health systems in countries around the world in a state of emergency. To be able to prevent its spread and morbidity and mortality, several appropriate strategies were necessary, such as vaccination. The latter has been the subject of controversy. The objective of the present study is therefore to evaluate the factors associated with the acceptance of this vaccine within the population of the Kasenga State Health Area. A result which will shed light on future strategies to be put in place for possible new vaccines. Methodology: Is a prospective and analytical cross-sectional study conducted over a period of approximately 1 month from January 5 to February 5, 2024. A survey questionnaire in Kobotoolbox was useful for collecting data. STATA software was very important for us in analyzing the data collected. Results: Prevalence of vaccination against COVID-19 among the population of the Kasenga State Health Area is 37.5% (28.4 - 45.6). The study revealed that reluctance is observed among most of the population for different reasons, including, first and foremost, the deliberate aspect of not wanting to take the vaccine (46.6%) and rumors that this antigen is dangerous and harmful (32.9%). 72.5% of respondents believe that the COVID-19 vaccine is a fabrication, unhealthy and that the disease itself never existed. The study proved that there was a statistical relationship between age (p = 0.001) and adherence to vaccination. And the refusal of respondents to recommend the vaccine to loved ones was a factor associated with non-adherence to vaccination (OR = 7.901, 95% IC [3.028 - 20.615], p = 0.000). Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 was not well accepted by the population of the study site. Raising public awareness and involving community leaders and political-administrative authorities, which has not been done well, would play an important role in the good perception of the disease, of the vaccine and therefore in its adherence.
Contribution to the Study of Risk Factors for Cholera in City of Uvira in South Kivu Province of Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C.)  [PDF]
Billy Paul Kaishusha Mupendwa
Advances in Infectious Diseases (AID) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/aid.2022.123034
Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify the risk factors for cholera and to propose an appropriate control strategy. It is therefore, a case control analytical study conducted in Uvira for the period from January to December 2020. The strength of the association between exposure and disease is estimated by the odds ratio. It has been observed that no age has been spared from cholera, with an overrepresentation of men. The disease has a strong predilection for regions with problems with hygiene, water and sanitation. Our study identified risk factors, such as contact with cholera; a lack of waste disposal system; a lack of running water and soap to wash hands before meals and after passing stools; a lack of hygienic latrines; a lack of water treatment for drinking; the consumption of food left uncovered by vendors at the roadside; the consumption of the raw fruits, tubers and foods; the conservation of drinking water in a container with a non-narrow collar; illiteracy; and the consumption of well water. However, all of these factors are vulnerable through a multisectoral approach through control strategies, such as governmental political commitment, behavior change, communication, epidemiological surveillance, community participation and funding of drinking water programs to improve accessibility and environmental sanitation.
Epidemiological Profile of Stress among Health Professionals in Northern Benin in 2021  [PDF]
Gounongbé A. Christophe Fabien, Mama Cissé Ibrahim, Bèhanzin Luc, Azandjèmè Colette Sylvie, Owona Manga Jules
Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine (ODEM) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/odem.2023.114012
Abstract: Objective: To study the epidemiological profile of stress among health professionals in North Benin in 2021. Methods: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with health professionals in the Parakou-N’dali and Tchaourou health zones. These two areas have a population of 462,942 inhabitants served by two university hospitals, three area hospitals and 19 health centers. Sampling was exhaustive by free and informed consent. The data was collected through a questionnaire. Studied socio-professional characteristics and stress. The level of stress was assessed using the Karasek questionnaire. Results: Of 813 caregivers approached, 692 were investigated. The participation rate was 85.1%. The average age was 38 years old. Subjects aged 28 - 38 were more numerous, as were those aged between 1 and 10 years. The prevalence of stress was 73.8%. Its level was high at 17.8% and very high at 4.5%. Women were affected (76.6%) than men (70.7%). Within the professional category, midwives were the most affected (82.5%). Respondents from the denominational sector were 90.8% reached. Conclusion: Professional stress is endemic in health facilities in northern Benin, particularly faith-based ones. Action must be taken to reduce it.
Improving Demand for Health Services with the Involvement of Community Health Workers: A Case Study of Community Dynamics at Mosango Rural Health Zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo  [PDF]
John Etshumba Mukulukulu, Dosithee Ngo-Bebe, Norbert Kimbamfu Mabanza, Fulbert Nappa Kwilu
Open Journal of Epidemiology (OJEpi) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ojepi.2020.103023
Abstract: Introduction: DRC is one of Sub-Saharan Africa country with high infant and maternal mortality. The major problem is the underuse of health services because of inaccessibility on all fronts and also the population under-information to the health and development problems. Community participation is one of the basic requirements and basic principles of the Primary Health Care to solve this problem. That is why we choose Mosango RHZ to assess the improvement of demand for health services with the involvement of community health workers. Methods: We conduct a cross-sectional study carried out in Mosango RHZ in 2019. The study combined a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) based on the realist evaluation approach which takes into account the Context-Mechanisms-Effects explained in the conceptual framework model. Results: Four predictive factors determine the improvement of health indicators with the involvement of CHWS in activities of the Mosango RHZ: Having attended school (p = 0.000; OR = 0.150); Having sufficient theoretical knowledge on malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia, malnutrition, availability of inputs to treat these diseases (p = 0.004; OR = 0.192); Having taken the training as CHWS and Having undergone more than one training as CHW (p = 0.013; OR = 0.074). This result corroborated with other studies carried in low- and middle-income countries like DRC. Conclusion: The involvement of CHWs on improving demand for health services is effective in Mosango RHZ. The improvement of health service indicators and the effectiveness of this community intervention were conditioned by capacity building of the CHWs, the availability of inputs and the involvement of the community in the activities of the health zone through the Community Action Cells.
Factors Associated with Youth Sexuality in Secondary Schools in the City of Uvira in the Democratic Republic of Congo  [PDF]
Derrick Bushobole Akiba, Deo Harimenshi, Diane Muantama Balimo, Edmond Ntabe Namegabe, Guy Musemakweli Mushute, Cadeau Matabishi Kawawa, Faustin Bukuru Mudage, Aloise Fataki Nondo, Gertrude Zabibu Masumbuko, Eric Amuri Madabali, Aimé Muhinduka Somi, Abel Asende Luhendama, Christian Banyakwa Mitunda, Henry Manya Mboni, Criss Koba Mjumbe
Advances in Sexual Medicine (ASM) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/asm.2025.153007
Abstract: Introduction: It is true that the entry into active sexual life of adolescents and young people represents a very decisive but also very difficult step for almost all young people and adolescents. The objective of this study is to determine the factors that are directly associated with the sexuality of young people in secondary schools in the city of Uvira in South Kivu and the related consequences. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical observational study covering the period from January to July 2024. It involved 663 (single) secondary school students in 9 major schools in the city of Uvira in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Data were analyzed using STATA 15 software and Kobocollect was used to collect the data. Results: The prevalence of sexually active youth is 73% [69% - 76%]. 86.2% of young people had sexual intercourse with more than one partner, of all contraceptives the pill was most used at 31.89%, followed by the condom at 21.60%. Social networks/Internet occupied the first place with 70.16%, bad company followed with 68.3% and television (films showing nudity) at 29.2% were factors exposing young people to the desire to have sexual intercourse. Because of sexual intercourse, 81.4% of young people could have contracted sexually transmitted diseases (STDs/STIs), 29.2% contracted early and unwanted pregnancies, 13.99% could have resorted to clandestine abortion and 15.64% had been excluded from school. Age, place of origin of students, religion, and the need to dress properly at all costs were factors statistically associated with sexual activity among young people. Conclusion: promote sex education among young people in their respective families and in the school environment to enable young people to make thoughtful and responsible decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health.
Evaluation of Malaria Transmission and Vector Control Strategies in the Dry Season in the Cotonou V Health Zone, Benin, West Africa  [PDF]
Tokponnon Filémon, Osse Razaki, Zannou Ahissou Robert Franck, Alapini Marlène, Sare Dabou Zoulkifilou, Houessinon Festus, Gounou Yerima Idayath, Sominahoun André, Akogbeto Martin
Advances in Entomology (AE) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ae.2023.113012
Abstract: The anarchic urbanization of certain African cities favors the multiplication of the malaria parasite. Thus, the urgent mobilization of African cities is essential to combat this health risk. It is, therefore, with the objective of contributing to the investigation of problem areas that the present study evaluates malaria transmission and vector control strategies in the Cotonou V health zone in particular. This is a cross-sectional study taking into account four neighborhoods, including Wologuèdè, Sainte Rita, Gbèdjromèdé and the area around Etoile Rouge. Two nocturnal captures on voluntary humans and the method of spray were carried out in the dry season from December 2021 to February 2022. On the captured Anopheles, the ELISA Circum-Sporozoite Protein test was performed to determine the infectivity and calculate some transmission parameters. Finally, we conducted a survey using the second stage sampling method with one step to ask selected households about their knowledge of vector control methods, their use and the physical integrity of LLINs. We collected 2386 culicidae of which the majority was Culex quinquefasciatus. After the ELISA test, the 29 Anopheles tested, showed no infectivity, i.e. an EIR of 0 pi/h/n. In addition, 99% of the populations in the Cotonou V area use LLINs to protect themselves. However, coils, door and window screens, aerosol sprays, skin and household repellents, and periodic indoor spraying were used. Finally, the majority of nets observed had T1 tears, but there were also T2, T3 and T4 nets (P-value = 0.0). This study confirms that malaria transmission during the dry season in the Cotonou V health zone is almost negligible but not non-existent. Also, populations are exposed to the nuisance of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes continuously throughout the year.
Knowledge and Practice of Contraception by the Inhabitants of the Health Zone of Kansele, City of Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of Congo  [PDF]
Elisee Awenze Mpela, Augustin Kadiata Bukasa, Marcel Tshidibi Bukasa, Omanyondo Ohambe Marie-Claire, Verronique Balua Kumona, Agnes Tudinange Badibake, Alexis Nzee Bolotsi, Nene Kabyahura Novi, Marcel Leka Alindekane, Nzolani Mpangi Rose, Mujinga Ntumba
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1110641
Abstract: Introduction: The family planning policy aims to bring women in sexual activity to the use of modern methods of contraception. But, despite the many initiatives aimed at this improvement, modern contraceptive prevalence is still low. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of contraception by the inhabitants of Kansele Health Zone. Methods: Our study was cross-sectional with an analytical focus on 249 randomly selected subjects and over a period from July 30 to September 30, 2021. The survey method and interview technique, as well as the questionnaire as an instrument were used to collect the data. The univariate and bivariate analysis was performed and the odds ratios with their 95% CIs were calculated. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents were in the age group of 21 to 26 years (38.55%). The female sex was predominant (87.95%); there were many participants with good knowledge (92.37%), but only half of the respondents, i.e. 51.30%, had used contraceptive methods during the last 12 months. The following variables were associated with low contraceptive use: occupation (OR = 2.6633, IC [1.4240; 4.7100], p = 0.0421); the level of study (OR = 2.4922, IC [1.4672; 4.2673], p = 0.0003) and the desired inter-birth interval (OR = 2.0221, IC [1.321; 4.147], p = 0.0386). Conclusion: Improvement in modern contraceptive practice in the Kansele health zone (city of Mbujimayi) must necessarily go through an ambitious and well-coordinated program. This program should focus on raising awareness, coupled with offering a wide range of contraceptive products at affordable costs.
Factors Associated with Post-Cesarean Maternal Mortality in the Dassa-Glazoué Health Zone, Benin, from 2020 To 2024  [PDF]
Ingrid Bénédicte Olowo, Aurelle Yeyinou Ahouingnan, Fanny Nm Hounkponou, Merveille Ahoboko, Akpona Simon
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OJOG) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2026.163044
Abstract: Introduction: Cesarean section provides enhanced safety in high-risk pregnancies, thereby preventing numerous deaths; however, it also exposes women to an increased risk of postoperative complications and even death. Objective: To investigate factors associated with post-cesarean maternal mortality in the Dassa-Glazoué health zone (Zone Hospital and Abbraccio Hospital). Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study conducted from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024. All women who delivered by cesarean section were included. Incomplete or unusable medical records, as well as records of women who underwent cesarean delivery elsewhere and were subsequently referred, were excluded. The sampling exhaustive was used. Data were collected using KoboCollect from June 18 to July 20, 2025, and analyzed with Epi Info version 7. Frequency measures and bivariate analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Chi-square (χ2) and Fisher’s exact tests were applied as appropriate. Text processing was carried out using Microsoft Word 2016, and tables and graphs were produced using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: A total of 2771 women were included, among whom 20 post-cesarean maternal deaths were recorded, corresponding to a frequency of 0.72%. A total of 10,924 live births were registered, yielding a post-cesarean maternal mortality ratio of 183 per 100,000 live births. The mean age of the deceased women was 29.95 ± 6.62 years, with extremes ranging from 19 to 44 years. The main factors significantly associated with post-cesarean maternal mortality were age (p = 0.015), eclampsia (p = 0.030), anemia (p < 0.001), hemorrhage (p = 0.016), hypertension (p < 0.001), and certain indications for cesarean section. Conclusion: Strengthening emergency obstetric care is essential, particularly through raising awareness about the importance of early referral and timely hospital care.
Intention to Leave and Associated Factors among Health Professionals in Jimma Zone Public Health Centers, Southwest Ethiopia  [PDF]
Taju Kalifa, Shimeles Ololo, Fikru Tafese
Open Journal of Preventive Medicine (OJPM) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2016.61003
Abstract: Background: Inadequate human resources are a major constraint to improving global health. The health sector is characterized by a high turnover coupled with internal as well as external brain drain but there is little information on intention to leave among health professionals in public health centers of Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State. The aim of this study is to assess intention to leave and associated factors among health professionals in public health centers of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study was conducted on seven randomly selected woredas (districts) which have 53 public health centers. All health professionals in sampled district public health centers were included (n = 505). Factor analysis was employed for all Likert scale instruments to extract factor(s) representing each of the scales using SPSS version 16.0. The qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis methods. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University. Results: Four hundred fifty five (90.1%) health professionals participated in the study; out of this, 290 (63.7%) had intention to leave. Among variables, job satisfaction (Beta = -0.298, (95% CI, -0.568 to -0.029), working environment (Beta = -0.612, (95% CI, -0.955 to -0.270), and organizational management (Beta = -0.552, (95% CI, 0.289 to 0.815) had statistically significant association with intention to leave among health professionals in public health centers of Jimma Zone. Conclusions: The overall intention to leave among health professionals was high. Level of job satisfaction, working environment, work pressure, and organizational management had statistically significant association with intention to leave. Thus, responsible bodies should aggressively work on the concerns identified, like, improvements in salary, promotion in terms of training/educational opportunity, improving working environment, and transfer of health professionals, and improvement of the leadership skills of managers.
Level of Integration of Health Services of the Catholic Church of the Archdiocese of Lubumbashi in Health Zones  [PDF]
Gaspard Kafyeke Kabala,Pascal Pambi Mukanga,Temple Kabamba Manzanza,Irene Kabwang Nacikomb,Jacqueline Tshisola Mbaka,Scholastique Mutoke Sangwa,Bora Kaumba,Bienfait Mwarabu Much’Apa,Simon Ilunga Kandolo,Ghislain Mashini Ngongo
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1112354
Abstract: Introduction: The private health sector plays an important role in the health system in the Democratic Republic of Congo; however, its proliferation does not guarantee the quality of the service. The Ministry of Public Health is concerned with reinvesting its role in cleaning up the medical and health sector. It also has an interest in supervising and integrating the lucrative and non-profit private sector into the country’s health system to avoid the “Public Sector - Private Sector” compartmentalization. Patients who are treated in health structures belong to the state and the State has the right to review what happens in these different health structures to avoid anarchy, hence the importance of integration. The objective of our study is to take stock of the level of integration of the health services of the Catholic Church within the health zones of the Archdiocese of Lubumbashi in the city of Likasi and that of Lubumbashi, determine the framework for analyzing the level of integration of health facilities into the local health system. Methods: This is a multiple case study in the Archdiocese of Lubumbashi concerning Catholic health facilities in the city of Likasi and Lubumbashi from December 2021 to October 2023. The multiple case study allowed us to assess the level integration in health zones, by studying 40 Catholic health services, the Ministry of Health (health zones, Provincial Health Division: DPS, Provincial Health Inspectorate: IPS and Diocesan Office of Medical Works: BDOM). 31 people were interviewed at the Ministry of Health and BDOM. Results: The level of normative integration in general is average; it is 0.60% or 60%. As for the level of functional integration, it is generally high, 0.80% or 80%. The level of integration of clinical teams is generally high, 0.77% or 77%. That of integration of care is generally very high, 0.99% or 99%. As for the level of systemic integration, it is generally average, 0.41% or 41%. Conclusion: Catholic Health Training is integrated into the local health system, firstly the integration of care, followed by functional integration, integration of clinical teams, normative integration and finally systemic integration.
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