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Contrasting patterns of spatial genetic differentiation in two east asian five-needle pine species, Pinus koraiensis and P. armandii
Belokon M.-M.,Belokon Y.-S.,Politov D.-V
Annals of Forest Research , 2008,
Abstract: Two species of East Asian five-needle pines of the section Strobus, Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Armand's pine, Pinus armandii Franch are traditionally placed in two different subsections, Cembrae and Strobi, respectively.However, data on similarity of these pines in needle anatomy and pollen structure are reported. By means of starch gel electrophoresis we studied allozyme variation within populations of these species and between the two species. Among 30 studied loci we selected 17 polymorphic loci with reliable interpretation of allele correspondencebetween species. Allozyme patterns were similar in both species with respect to number of loci and predominant alleles at most loci. Intra-specific differentiation among 12 populations of Pinus koraiensis from Russia, Northeast China and South Korea was low, FST (proportion of among population variation in total variation) was as low as 0.019, DN (Nei's genetic distance) varied between 0.001 and 0.006. This genetic uniformity can be explained by a common gene pool of this species within virtually continuous range under similar ecological conditions. Common vectors of selection, natural gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal as well as mixing of genetic material between regions by humans (at least in Russian forestry practice) are putative factors responsible for low differentiation in Korean stone pine. We estimated the same parameters in Pinus armandii from continental China (Guizhou, Shaanxi, Shenyan) where its range is highly fragmented, and found differentiation in this species to be much more pronounced (FST = 0.067, DN = 0.011-0.029). By adding a sample from Taiwan both FST (0.338) and DN (up to 0.232) were substantially higher indicating high level of differences between continental and Taiwanese P. armandii, putatively due to longer isolation time. Maximal contribution was fromloci Adh-1, Got-3, Mdh-1, 6-Pgd-3, Pgm-2 and Skdh-2. Differences were mainly caused by allelic frequencies but not by presence/absence of particular alleles, therefore observed allozyme patterns are not evidence for full species' status of Taiwan variety. In the two species, P.koraiensis and P. armandii, electrophoresis showed the same number of activity zones. In a combined set of P. koraiensis and P. armandiisamples, the level of interspecific differences was high (FST =0.477, DN =0.407÷0.457). Species had no common alleles or very little overlapping in allelic profiles at loci Adh-1, Got-2, and Pgm-1. Out of 61 alleles 35 were shared between species and 26 were found in only one of them. Cluster (
Correlations between meteorological factors and growth of Pinus Koraiensis after fired
火干扰后红松生长与气候因子的关系
gaolushuang,zhaoxiuhai,wangxiaoming,
高露双,赵秀海,王晓明
生态学报 , 2009,
Abstract: 研究了长白山地区火烧后存活下来的红松(Pinus koraiensis)与气候因子的关系,揭示火干扰后树木生长对气候要素的响应策略,建立生长量与气候要素的模拟方程,定量估算火干扰后温度变化对火烧红松径向生长的影响.结果表明,火烧红松年轮宽度与当年2月份、生长季最高温度显著负相关,与1月、5月、9月份和10月份的月最低温度显著正相关,与上一年6月和8月份的月降水量显著负相关,与平均温度的相关未达到显著,生长季的月最高温度是影响火烧红松径向生长的主要原因,且当温度上升4℃时,火烧红松的年生长量降低14%.推断火干扰后红松生长对温度较敏感,全球变暖有可能导致火烧红松的生长量降低.
丰林国家级自然保护区不同海拔红松光合特性分析
Analysis of Physiological Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis at Different Elevations in Fenglin National Nature Reserve  [PDF]
韩丽冬, 沃晓棠, 刘延坤, 邵英男, 刘玉龙
Botanical Research (BR) , 2021, DOI: 10.12677/BR.2021.103051
Abstract: 为了揭示不同海拔对红松光合作用的影响规律，在黑龙江省丰林国家级自然保护区内，选择不同海拔样地(低海拔、高海拔)，采用光合分析仪(li-6400)进行光合基本参数和光响应曲线(6~9月)测定。结果表明: 6~9月份生长季内，高海拔样地红松净光合速率、最大净光合速率均高于低海拔样地，差异不显著；光补偿点和光饱和点随着海拔的高度的增加而升高；在AQY无明显变化情况下，除6月份外，高海拔红松Rd均低于低海拔红松。海拔高度的变化对红松光合特性有明显的影响。高海拔红松的光合能力优于低海拔红松。
In order to reveal the effects of different elevations on photosynthesis of Pinus koraiensis, we selected samples at different elevations (low elevation and high elevation) in Fenglin National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province, and used a photosynthesis analyzer (LI-6400) to measure the basic photosynthetic parameters and light response curves (from June to September). The results showed that during the growing season from June to September, the net photosynthetic rate and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of Pinus koraiensis at high altitude were higher than those at low altitude, and the differences were not significant. The light compensation point and light saturation point increased with the increase of altitude. In the case of no significant change in AQY, RD of Pinus koraiensis at high elevation was lower than that at low elevation except in June. The change of altitude had obvious effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus koraiensis. The photosynthetic capacity of Pinus koraiensis at high elevation is better than that at low elevation.
In Vitro Bioassay-guided Isolation of Radioprotective Fractions from Extracts of Pinus koraiensis Bark
Jian-Hai Bai,Keli Yun,ZhenYu Wang
- , 2017, DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_409_16
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate radioprotective effect of extracts of Pinus koraiensis bark and its fractions on rat splenocytes by using bioassay-guided isolation in order to obtain the best active fraction
Mode of pollen spread in clonal seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis  [PDF]
Fu-Juan Feng, Xin Sui, Min-Min Chen, Dan Zhao, Hi-Jie Han, Mai-He Li
Journal of Biophysical Chemistry (JBPC) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2010.11004
Abstract: The patterns of effective pollen dispersal and the relationships between pollen dispersal and genetic composition in Pinus koraiensis are still unclear. Hence, we investigated the mode of pollen dispersal of P. koraiensis in a clonal seed orchard in Lushuihe Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province, using SSR molecular markers tech-nique and the method of maximum likelihood. A total of 13 pairs of nuclear microsatellites po-lymorphic primers were used in the paternity analysis. We analyzed 100 progenies and 150 paternities. A total of 56 alleles were detected in 13 loci with 3-6 alleles (4.3 alleles in average) in a single locus. The primers of SsrPt_ctg7170 and SsrPt_ctg5333 had the maximum (6) and the minimum (3) alleles, respectively. The averaged values of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of experimental groups were 0.648, 0.601 and 0.533, respectively. The mating dis-tance of P. koraiensis followed an approximately normal distribution. The most effective pollen for the female parent came from male parent trees 15-45 m away with an average mating dis-tance of 32.60 m and the longest of 67.88 m. The pollen source of offspring was not random but greatly affected by the wind direction during the pollination season of P. koraiensis. These re-sults have important implications for seed or-chard design to improve the genetic quality of seeds and seed production.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF MAIN ASSOCIATED TREE SPECIES ON GROWTH OF TILIA AMURENSIS
主要伴生树种叶粉对紫椴幼苗生长的影响
Xu Zhen-bang Dai Hong-cai Li Xin Zhang Yi-ping Guo Xing-fen Dai Li-min Yang Fa-zhu,
徐振邦,戴洪才,李昕,章依平,郭杏芬,戴力民,杨发柱
植物生态学报 , 1993,
Abstract: Tilia amurensis is one of main planting-tree species in northeastern China and often forms mixed forest with Pinus kpraiensis, Picea koraiensis, and Fraxinus mandshurica. Hence study on the influence of main associated tree species on growth of T. amurensis is important not only for the tree allelopathy, but also for selection of properly associated tree in building mixed forests of T. amurensis. This paper deals with results obtained from a lot of experiments on culture of T. amurensis in pots using the extracts of above mentioned tree leaves and their leaf powder mixed the soil. Experiment shows that leaves of Pinus and Picea negatively influences on growth of T. amurensis. But this phenomenon has not occurred in the experiment of Fraxinus leave-powders.
临江林业局花山林场红松母树林扩建技术探讨
Discussion on Expansion Technology of Seed Collecting Forest of Pinus koraiensis in Linjiang Forestry Bureau Huashan Plantations  [PDF]
巩玮琦, 沈司祺, 赵新强
Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences (HJAS) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/hjas.2024.1410145
Abstract: 本文立足临江市林业局红松种子生产情况实际，对花山林场红松母树林的扩建的必要性和扩建技术进行探讨，结合林木良种的生产实际和建设区的立地条件与改良树种的生物学特性，确定改良技术路线和建园技术，为临江林业局红松种子生产整体水平的提高和多世代遗传改良奠定基础。
Based on the actual situation of Pinus koraiensis seed production in Linjiang Forestry Bureau, this paper discusses the necessity and expansion technology of seed collecting forest of Pinus koraiensis in Huashan plantations, considering production condition of improved forest species, the site conditions of the construction area and biological characteristics, the improved technical route and garden construction technology are already found correct. It is conducive to improve base construction level and lay solid foundation for genetic research.
The Extract of Aster Koraiensis Prevents Retinal Pericyte Apoptosis in Diabetic Rats and Its Active Compound, Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits AGE Formation and AGE/RAGE Interaction
Chan-Sik Kim,Ik-Soo Lee,Jin Sook Kim,Junghyun Kim,Kyuhyung Jo
- , 2016, DOI: 10.3390/nu8090585
Abstract: Retinal capillary cell loss is a hallmark of early diabetic retinal changes. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to retinal microvascular cell loss in diabetic retinopathy. In this study, the protective effects of Aster koraiensis extract (AKE) against damage to retinal vascular cells were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To examine this issue further, AGE accumulation, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated using retinal trypsin digests from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the diabetic rats, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling)-positive retinal microvascular cells were markedly increased. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that AGEs were accumulated within the retinal microvascular cells, and this accumulation paralleled the activation of NF-κB and the expression of iNOS in the diabetic rats. However, AKE prevented retinal microvascular cell apoptosis through the inhibition of AGE accumulation and NF-κB activation. Moreover, to determine the active compounds of AKE, two major compounds, chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, were tested in an in vitro assay. Among these compounds, chlorogenic acid significantly reduced AGE formation as well as AGE/RAGE (receptor for AGEs) binding activity. These results suggest that AKE, particularly chlorogenic acid, is useful in inhibiting AGE accumulation in retinal vessels and exerts a preventive effect against the injuries of diabetic retinal vascular cells
Расселение населения в Прикаспийском регионе
Ismailov, ？ingiz
- , 2002,
Abstract: Sa？etak Статья посвящена особенностям расселения населения в приморских районах Прикаспийского региона. Исторический экскурс в прошлое региона свидетельствует о сложных переплетениях судеб народов, ныне расселяющих приморские районы Каспийского моря. Начиная с ХХVIII века начинается период проникновения России в приморские районы Каспийского моря и противоборства с Ираном в регионе. С этой целью по указу Петра Первого в приморских районах начинается закладка сторожевых укреплений, которые в дальнейшем превращаются в населенные пункты (Форт-Петровск, Форт-Шевченко, Красноводск и другие). Развитие населенных пунктов в приморских районах способствовало расширению сети транспортных коммуникаций. При этом проявились территориальные различия в уровне развития отдельных видов транспорта. Такое положение во многом определялось особенностью экономико-географического положения отдельных участков приморских районов Прикаспийского региона. Для оценки плотности населения в приморских районах важным методологическим подходом является делимитация границ приморских районов. С этой целью проанализированы применяемые подходы для выявления рисунка районов расселения населения в приморских районах. В этом отношении выделено несколько прибрежных полос, отличающихся различием в степени аттрактивности территории. В силу природно-климатических условий и степени освоенности приморские районы Прикаспия различаются по степени развития городских поселений. Наиболее высокой степенью урбанизации отличается приморский участок Азербайджана, где находится самый большой по численности город в Прикаспийском регионе – г. Баку, с населением более 2 млн. человек. Сравнительная характеристика расселения населения в приморских районах стран Прикаспийского региона показывает, что наибольшее количество населения сосредоточенно на иранском участке побережья, а наименьшее – на туркменском участке. При этом в наиболее заселенных участках (иранском и азербайджанском) доминирующим типом расселения является площадное, в противоположность чему, в наименее заселенных участках (туркменском иказахском) характерными являются дисперсный и очаговый типы расселения
氮磷添加对刨花楠幼苗叶片N、P化学计量特征的影响*
应用与环境生物学报 , 2016, DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2015.06022
Abstract: 以刨花楠（Machilus pauhoi）幼苗为研究对象，通过盆栽施肥试验，探讨不同氮（N）、磷（P）供应水平下刨花楠叶片N、P元素含量的动态变化及与土壤养分的相关性. N、P处理各设定4个梯度，N1、N2、N3、N4及P1、P2、P3、P4，N、P肥施加量分别是初始土壤的2倍、4倍、8倍和16倍，不同N、P处理共用一组对照（CK），共9种处理，每组处理3个重复，并分别于3月、7月、11月对成熟叶片及土壤进行采样分析. 结果显示：刨花楠幼苗叶片N、P含量及N:P值分别为14.63-26.53 mg/g、0.64-1.84 mg/g和10.04-23.21. 施N肥叶片N含量及N:P随季节变化呈现出低（3月份）―高（7月份）―低（11月份）的变化趋势，叶片P含量呈现高―低―高的趋势；施P肥叶片P含量也随季节变化呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势. 施N或施P显著增加了刨花楠幼苗土壤及叶片的N、P含量，分别增加或降低土壤及叶片的N:P值（P < 0.05）；施N或施P也显著影响了土壤pH（P < 0.05）及叶片N、P含量与土壤养分的关系. 综上表明土壤中N、P供应量影响刨花楠叶片中的N、P含量. （图3 表2 参43
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