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OALib Journal期刊

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Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Stress Response of Nurses with PTSD in Operating Room  [PDF]
Yi Huang, Yajuan Ke, Hongying Zhu, Yunsuo Gao, Duozhi Wu, Qiu Cai, Juncheng Guo
World Journal of Neuroscience (WJNS) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2021.111002
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on nurses with PTSD by using cognitive behavioral intervention. Methods: The subjects were selected by randomized control method, and the PTSD nurses were divided into control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30). The intervention group used cognitive behavioral intervention; the control group did not use cognitive behavioral intervention. Nurses with PTSD in the two groups completed the basic situation survey, medical coping questionnaire (MCMQ) and anxiety self-rating form (SAS) psychological scale one month later. Results: There was no significant difference in MCMQ and SAS scores between the two groups before intervention (P > 0.05). After intervention, the scores of MCMQ and SAS in the intervention group were compared with the scores of MOCQ and SAS in the control group. The scores of the control group after intervention were significantly higher than those of the intervention group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in MCMQ and SAS in the intervention group before and after intervention (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the control group before and after intervention (P > 0.05). It shows that cognitive behavioral intervention therapy has the effect and value of improving the psychological status of nurses with PTSD. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral intervention therapy combined with psychology for nurses with PTSD can effectively relieve their stress level, relieve their mood, and improve their positive coping ability and work efficiency.
Features of Self-Awareness in Patients with Schizophrenia  [PDF]
Iuliia Khomiakova
Open Journal of Medical Psychology (OJMP) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/ojmp.2022.113014
Abstract: This paper discusses in detail the concept of “self-awareness” and its main components, and describes the features of self-consciousness and the course of the disease in people with schizophrenia. The specific features inherent in the self-awareness of people who have schizophrenia are revealed. The paper presents the experience of modern researchers who studied the features of self-awareness of patients with schizophrenia by analyzing documentary sources, analyzing the major psychometric scales of the subjects, studying their ideas about their psychological well-being and their own psychological space, and analyzing the self-descriptions of patients.
Osteoporosis: A Disease of Men  [PDF]
Anu Garg, Samantha Kay
Health (Health) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.101005
Abstract: Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate osteoporosis screening practices in male patients aged 70 and older. Methods: A survey-based study was carried out over six months at an academic primary care institution in the Midwest. Results: Seventy-nine male patients and fifteen primary care physicians were surveyed. Less than 10% of males recalled being screened for osteoporosis. Two-thirds of physicians reported regularly screening males for osteoporosis. Conclusion: Elderly male patients are overwhelmingly under-screened and undertreated for osteoporosis.
Social Construction of Dependence in Elderly Men in Chile  [PDF]
Paulina Osorio-Parraguez, Andrés G. Seguel
Health (Health) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.610125
Abstract: Based on a qualitative research restricted to aging processes in Chile, the paper presents the experience and significance of dependence in elderly men and how it is related with the social construction of old age. It is important to know how the identity of aging is configured when facing such a significant biographical and social landmark as the loss of functionality in later life. When analyzing the social construction of dependence in elderly men, three aspects of that configuration stand out: first, the way in which they understand and signify their situations of illness, physical problems, disability, and evaluation of their health; second, the characteristics of the social significant contexts in which disability or physical problems become evident; and third, the actions, roles or activities that they perform in those contexts, which are valued differently according to the experiences of dependence or autonomy. Dependence in elderly men does not appear as a static condition, but rather as a passage from physical-biological conditioners to the social context in which their everyday actions take place. So the agency of the dependence, its construction, experience and significance is the understanding of the social phenomenon of old age.
Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Screening Status of Prostate Cancer among Middle-Aged and Elderly Men  [PDF]
Eunjoo Lee, Youngsuk Park, Jeongsook Park
Open Journal of Nursing (OJN) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2016.69070
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the level of prostate cancer knowledge and health beliefs among middle-aged and elderly men. Methods: In this descriptive study carried out in December 20, 2015 through January 20, 2016, we enrolled 147 men aged 50 - 70 years old. Data were collected by using three questionnairs including knowledge, health beliefs, and screening status of prostate cancer. Results: Our findings showed that only 20.4% of interviewers had experience of digital rectal examination or prostatic specific antigen test for prostate cancer screening. The prostate cancer knowledge was found to be significantly high in prostate cancer examinees compared to non-examinees. The correct answer rate of prostate cancer knowledge was only 44.7% at average. Despite of good perceived seriousness about prostate cancer, the screening rate was only 20.4% and the examinees indicated significantly high perceived sensitivity compared to non-examinees. The level of the perceived barrier was lower in men who had experience in health examination or prostate cancer examination than without experience. Conclusion: The significant factors including age, educational level, income and cancer insurance status need to be considered in nursing education program in order to deliver accurate knowledge about prostate cancer. Also, the effective interventions are necessary to increase sensitivity and reduce barriers of prostate cancer and screening.
Homens e saúde na pauta da Saúde Coletiva
Schraiber,Lília Blima; Gomes,Romeu; Couto,Márcia Thereza;
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva , 2005, DOI: 10.1590/S1413-81232005000100002
Abstract: it shows the thematic "men and health" as a contemporary matter of the public health and interface product among human sciences and health: the social view of illness; the gender perspective as a particular form of the relation health-society and the health promotion while positive means of health. it elaborates the thematic around three approach axises, conformed in the relation between men and health from the perspective of exercises of the masculinity: sexual and reproductive health; violence and gender, and morbid-mortality in men. the contributions that these axises produce are mentioned as empiric effort to accomplish the category gender, the time in which they reveal health new problems to the health's area: the paternity, the interactive exercise of the sexuality, the interpersonal violence in life closet scope, the hipper-masculinity in the violence among men, the care of their self and the caring of health for the men. these contributions will allow not only to insert the masculinities as health matter, but also to renew the treatment forms for men and women in the health field.
O homem na aten？？o primária à saúde: discutindo (in)visibilidade a partir da perspectiva de gênero
Couto, Márcia Thereza;Pinheiro, Thiago Félix;Valen？a, Otávio;Machin, Rosana;Silva, Geórgia Sibele Nogueira da;Gomes, Romeu;Schraiber, Lilia Blima;Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos;
Interface - Comunica？？o, Saúde, Educa？？o , 2010, DOI: 10.1590/S1414-32832010000200003
Abstract: this paper presents an ethnographic study on the relationship between men and primary healthcare in eight clinics in four brazilian states. the objective was to comprehend the (in)visibility of men within the daily routine of care, based on gender perspectives, with discussion of the mechanisms that favor inequalities in healthcare work. different dimensions of male (in)visibility were identified within this context: targeting of men in interventions within the field of public healthcare policies; male users who face difficulties in seeking attendance; difficulty in stimulating effective participation among men; and male subjects of care (for themselves and for others). the paper emphasizes the importance of gender studies and their relationship with health, while discussing the production of social inequalities that are (re)produced by the gender inequalities that are present in the social imaginary and in healthcare services.
Effectiveness of a Training Program for Improving Public Health Nurses’ Attitudes and Confidence in Dealing with Men Who Have Sex with Men  [PDF]
Asuka Waki, Yumiko H. Nishimura, Mieko Iwai, Gaku Okamoto, Mikiko Ito, Yasuharu Hidaka
Open Journal of Nursing (OJN) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2017.72015
Abstract: Objective: This study examined the effect of an educational intervention on public health nurses’ attitudes and confidence in dealing with men who have sex with men (MSM). In Japan, HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact between men, and free HIV testing and counseling are provided by public health nurses. However, because of a lack of education, public health nurses do not often recognize the existence of MSM in daily life. Thus, improving public health nurses’ understanding of MSM is crucial. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine public health nurses’ homophobia, confidence in dealing with MSM, and low awareness of MSM in daily life at pre-test, post-test, and 1 and 3 months follow-ups. The intervention comprised a 3-hour training session conducted between November 2012 and September 2013 in the Kinki region. Results: A total of 124 public health nurses participated in the training, 117 of which were allocated to the intervention group; 182 public health nurses who did not participate in the training session were allocated to a control group. Homophobia scores had significantly decreased at post-test, and remained at that low level by the follow-up at 3 months (pre-test to post-test; p = 0.00, post-test to 1 month; p = 0.83, 1 month to 3 months; p = 0.64, pre-test to 3 months; p = 0.00). Confidence in dealing with MSM and recognition of MSM had significantly increased by post-test; these were also maintained by the follow-up at 3 months (pre-test to post-test; p = 0.0, post-test to 1month; p = 0.18, 1 to 3 months; p = 0.44, pre-test to 3 months; p = 0.0). Discussion: While the three-hour training session was short, it was effective for improving attitudes toward MSM and building confidence in dealing with them.
The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men
Lauren J. Parker,Paul Archibald,Roland J. Thorpe,Troyana Benjamin
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1177/1557988316664896
Abstract: Black men may use marijuana as an externalizing coping mechanism to handle the chronic stress of discrimination. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between everyday and major discrimination and marijuana use among a national sample of Black men. Using the National Survey of American Life, logistic regression analyses was used to determine the association between recent marijuana use and everyday discrimination, major discrimination, and a fully adjusted model that include everyday and major discrimination among adult Black men (n = 1,833). Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between the frequency of marijuana usage and everyday discrimination and major discrimination among men who used marijuana in the past year. Everyday discrimination was not associated with marijuana use. In the fully adjusted model, men who experienced major discrimination had a higher odds of marijuana use (OR: 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34]), than those who did not control for everyday discrimination and covariates of interest. Among recent marijuana users, men who used almost every day had a decreased risks for major discrimination (RRR: 0.72, 95% CI [0.56, 0.92]), compared with men who used less than once a month. The findings suggest that recent marijuana use among Black men is associated with experiences of major discrimination. Interestingly, men who used almost every day had a decreased risk for major discrimination. Marijuana may be used as a coping mechanism
Exploring the Perspectives of Healthcare Providers on Providing HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Key Populations in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study  [PDF]
Gloria Igihozo, Junious Mabo Sichali, Sandip Medhe, Rex Wong
World Journal of AIDS (WJA) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/wja.2022.122010
Abstract: Background: The overall HIV prevalence and incidence in Rwanda have decreased significantly in the past decade. However, opposite trends are seen among key populations (KP). The HIV prevalence among sex workers is as high as 51% and continues to rise. While the HIV prevalence among KP remains high, their adherence to treatment is low. Healthcare providers play a vital role in KP’s access and adherence to HIV treatment. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers on providing HIV services to key populations in Rwanda. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with nurses, doctors, social workers, and psychologists who provide HIV services to KP in public health facilities in Rwanda. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. All data were analyzed thematically using Dedoose. Results: Interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare providers. Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews: healthcare providers’ intrinsic feelings affect the ways they provide HIV services to key populations, key populations face a multitude of challenges related to accessing treatment and preventing the spread of HIV, and a more comprehensive and sensitive approach should be used to improve HIV services for key populations. Conclusion: Healthcare providers expressed difficulties in providing services to key populations and identified a lack of adherence to treatment and prevention guidelines, structural barriers, KP’s lack of trust in the healthcare system, and the discrimination and abuse KP face as challenges to effective HIV prevention and treatment. More comprehensive services including clinical, financial, and psychosocial support from trusted sources are needed. Some important policy changes are essential to facilitate access to HIV services for KP.
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