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Health care workers humoral immune response against GLcB, MPT51 and HSPX from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Reis, Michelle Cristina Guerreiro dos;Rabahi, Marcelo Fouad;Kipnis, André;Junqueira-Kipnis, Ana Paula;
Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases , 2009, DOI: 10.1590/S1413-86702009000600006
Abstract: tuberculosis (tb) is one of the oldest human infectious diseases and one third of the world's population is latently infected. brazil is an endemic area for tb. one of the most important challenges in tb control is the identification of latently infected individuals. health care workers (hcw) are at high risk of being infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis and even to become tb latently infected. the aim of this study was to increase knowledge about humoral immune response in tb latently infected individuals. hcw were classified according to their tuberculin skin test (tst), as positive or negative. the antibody response to glcb, mpt51 and hspx from mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated. tst negative hcw constituted the majority of those who showed a humoral immune response. antibody levels varied according to antigen characteristics, tst and bcg status. we suggest that possibly the presence of those antibodies could have a function in the protective immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Does “Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)” Really Exist? Genealogy of a Medical Nosology  [PDF]
Patricia Etienne
Journal of Tuberculosis Research (JTR) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jtr.2021.93018
Abstract: Introduction: The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is based on secular ways: chest radiography and tuberculin skin test (TST). In front of a recent enthusiasm for LTBI, this paper reports a historical perspective of this concept. Method: Bibliometric analysis and literature review from medical databases, using the terms “latent tuberculosis infection (“LTBI”), “primary tuberculosis”, “tuberculin skin test”, “tuberculosis”, and from reference books on tuberculosis. Results: In the PubMED/MEDLINE search for LTBI, a total of 7787 articles were found between 1901 and 2020, 95% from 2000 to 2020. In the first part of the 20th century, LTBI term was used for sub-clinical tuberculosis disease, the latency being also called “primary tuberculosis” or “abortive tuberculosis infection”. From 1960, randomized prospective therapeutic studies mentioned “tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis”. By the end of the 20th century, the epidemic of AIDS impeded tuberculosis decrease, making LTBI search more efficient. In 2000, the American Thoracic Society
Tuberculosis Infection and Latent Tuberculosis
Seung Heon Lee
- , 2016, DOI: 10.4046/trd.2016.79.4.201
Abstract:
Tratamento da tuberculose de infec？？o latente: As recomenda？？es actuais
Duarte,R; Villar,M; Carvalho,A;
Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia , 2010,
Abstract: diagnosis and treatment of latent infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (ltbi), significantly reduces the risk of developing active tuberculosis and the transmission of the disease in the community. ltbi screening must pass by the exclusion of active disease (symptoms enquiry and chest radiography) and assessment of immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis testing with the tests currently available - tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay (igra). the choice of treatment must take into account the efficacy and side effects associated with the same. this document provides updated recommendations on latent tuberculosis infection treatment. topics covered include whom to test for tb and reviewed ltbi treatment regimens.
Tuberculin Skin Reaction among Healthy People and Patients with Arthritis in the Southern Israeli Region*  [PDF]
Tatiana Reitblat, Zeev Weiler, Lea Djin, Nelly Polyakov, Galina Reifman, Alexander Reitblat
Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases (OJRA) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ojra.2013.33021
Abstract: Introduction: Reactivation of latent tuberculosis is a major complication of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors. Therefore, screening for latent TB is recommended before initiation of this treatment. The aim of the study was to compare Tuberculosis skin test (TST) size reaction between healthy people and patients, with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Ankylosising spondylitis (AnS) and Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Patients and Methods: Results of TST of 133 healthy subjects were compared with the results of TST of 79 patients, suffering from RA, AnS and PsA. A χ2 test was used to compare the difference between the groups. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Active tuberculosis (TB) was excluded by chest X-ray and through patient’s history. The results of TST reaction were grouped according to the CDC’s (Centers for Disease Control and prevention) recommendation, e.g. 0 - 4 mm, 5 - 9 mm, 10 - 15 mm and >15 mm. Results: Among RA patients 80% received Methotrexate (MTX), 50% Prednisone and 20% other DMARDs. 20% of patients suffering from AnS received MTX, 80%—NSAIDs, and among patients with PsA 70% received MTX, 30%—Salazopirin. There was no significant difference in history of bacilli Calmette-Guerine vaccination between the groups. There was no significant difference in TST reaction distribution between healthy subjects and patients with RA—p > 0.5. TST reaction distribution differed significantly between healthy people and AnS (p < 0.05) and PsA (p < 0.001) patients. The overall tendency in these two patients’ groups was towards high positive TST, especially among PsA patients. Conclusion: Our results showed that RA patients may present TST reaction as healthy
Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in Central State, Sudan: Prevalence and Associated Factors  [PDF]
Abdulmannan Mohamed Aman, Zeidan Abdu Zeidan
Journal of Tuberculosis Research (JTR) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/jtr.2017.54028
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries including Sudan. Screening for TB cases through Household contacts (HHCs) investigation is an appropriate strategy to interrupt transmission of TB. Objectives: To determine the prevalence tuberculosis infection and risk factors for tuberculosis infection among household contacts in Wadimadani locality, Central State, Sudan, between November 2015 and April 2016. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted. During study period, to confirm TB diagnosis, all suspect contacts were tested through sputum samples, tuberculin skin test or chest X-ray. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and environmental factors. Results: One hundred forty six patients of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study, 657 household contacts were identified and screened. Forty three new TB cases were detected from household contacts, yielding a prevalence of 6.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.05, 0.09) of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Two factors were significantly associated with LTBI among HHCs: duration of contact with a TB patient ≤ 4 months (P = 0.03) and the educational status (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Screening of HHCs of index case of TB will contribute in early detection and treatment of new cases, and considered as a forward step towards eliminating TB.
Prevalencia de infección latente tuberculosa en trabajadores sanitarios
Pérez Bermúdez,Brígido; Aranda Vizcaíno,Manuel Antonio; Labanda Urbano,Pablo Honorio;
Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo , 2011, DOI: 10.4321/S0465-546X2011000100005
Abstract: introduction: in the health sector, tuberculosis is considered as a high risk disease for workers. objectives: the main objective of this report is to study the prevalence of the latent tuberculosis infection (i.l.t.) in two hospitals of the area 2 of madrid and the distribution of this infection among the clinical categories and services. material and methods: transversal study. we have analyzed 455 health workers of the university hospital "la princesa" and children's hospital "el ni？o jesús". the study began in 2006 and ended in 2009. the analyzed variables have been age, sex, type of hospital, professional category and clinical services. results: the prevalence of the observed latent tuberculosis infection has been of 11.4% (8.3%-14.1%). no significant differences have been observed between type of hospital, clinical services, professional category and sex. age has been pointed out as a significant factor with an odds ratio of 1.05 (1.02-1.08). conclusions: in our area of study the i.l.t. in health workers is approximately 10% , and this is not related with professional category but with age.
Capreomycin is active against non-replicating M. tuberculosis
Leonid Heifets, Julie Simon, Van Pham
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials , 2005, DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-4-6
Abstract: To achieve a state of NRP we placed broth cultures of M. tuberculosis (three strains) in anaerobic conditions, and in this model tested all known anti-TB drugs and some other antimicrobial agents (a total of 32 drugs). The potential effect was evaluated by plating samples from broth cultures for determining the number of viable bacteria (CFU/ml) during a prolonged period of cultivation. Besides drug-free controls we used metronidazole for positive controls, the only drug known so far to be effective against tubercle bacilli in anaerobic setting.On a background of non-replicating conditions in drug-free cultures and clear bactericidal effect of metronidazole none of the antimicrobial agents tested produced effect similar to that of metronidazole except capreomycin, which was as bactericidal at the same level as metronidazole.The unique ability of capreomycin to be bactericidal in vitro among the anti-TB drugs against non-replicating tubercle bacilli may justify the search for other drugs among peptide antibiotics with similar activity. This phenomenon requires further studies on the mechanism of action of capreomycin, and evaluation of its activity in appropriate animal models.Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as a clinical condition without clinical or radiological signs of active disease, and it is manifested only by a positive tuberculin skin test [1]. Approximately two billion people, or one-third of the world's population, have LTBI, and approximately 10% of them will develop active TB during their lifetime. It is also estimated that one-third of all new cases of active TB (about 2.5 million cases reported annually in the world), results from activation of LTBI. The role of LTBI is even greater in persons co-infected with HIV. Currently, 11 million people in this category are registered throughout the world, and at least 10% of them develop active TB every year. All these facts have placed the problem of diagnosis and effective treatment of LTBI in
Tratamento da tuberculose latente: Revis？o das normas, 2006
Duarte,Raquel; Amado,Joana; Lucas,Helena; Sapage,José Manuel;
Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia , 2007,
Abstract: the tuberculosis working group of the portuguese society of pulmonology, feeling the need to develop guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, compiled a set of recommendations, in view to standardize procedures on this area. this document was prepared in collaboration with the portuguese societies of internal medicine, pediatrics and infectious diseases. a review and update of guidelines for tracing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection was made, concerning immunocompetent children and adults, as well as immunocompromised children and adults due to hiv infection. it is understood that these guidelines are to be used as general recommendations, and they should not replace the individual analysis of each case.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Workers in Duhok Province: From Screening to Prophylactic Treatment
Hind Bahzad Almufty,Ibtesam Salih Abdulrahman,Muayad Aghali Merza
- , 2019, DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020085
Abstract:
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