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Reconstruction of a Post-Burn Contracture of the Elbow Using a Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap  [PDF]
Mie Horiuchi, Masami Saitoh, Chu Kimura, Kazuki Ohtsuka, Akihiko Oyama, Susumu Honda
Surgical Science (SS) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/ss.2026.179038
Abstract: Post-burn scar contractures of the elbow can significantly impair activities of daily living and often require surgical reconstruction. We report a case of elbow reconstruction using a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap. An 81-year-old woman developed a post-burn scar contracture of the right elbow following a scald injury. Preoperative elbow range of motion was 130？ in flexion and ？75？ in extension. After scar excision and contracture release, a 14 × 9 cm skin defect was reconstructed using a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap. Early rehabilitation was initiated on postoperative day one. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged home one month after surgery. At six months postoperatively, elbow range of motion improved to 140？ in flexion and ？10？ in extension, allowing independent performance of daily activities. Pedicled latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction provided well-vascularized soft tissue coverage and enabled early rehabilitation, resulting in favorable functional recovery.
Comparison of the Sampling Efficiency in Spatial Autoregressive Model  [PDF]
Yoshihiro Ohtsuka, Kazuhiko Kakamu
Open Journal of Statistics (OJS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojs.2015.51002
Abstract: A random walk Metropolis-Hastings algorithm has been widely used in sampling the parameter of spatial interaction in spatial autoregressive model from a Bayesian point of view. In addition, as an alternative approach, the griddy Gibbs sampler is proposed by [1] and utilized by [2]. This paper proposes an acceptance-rejection Metropolis-Hastings algorithm as a third approach, and compares these three algorithms through Monte Carlo experiments. The experimental results show that the griddy Gibbs sampler is the most efficient algorithm among the algorithms whether the number of observations is small or not in terms of the computation time and the inefficiency factors. Moreover, it seems to work well when the size of grid is 100.
Simple Calculus of Resolving the Fiscal Policy Puzzle: The Role of Human Capital  [PDF]
Kazuki Hiraga
Theoretical Economics Letters (TEL) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/tel.2014.49093
Abstract: This paper investigates how much externality of human capital a la on-the-job training resolves the fiscal policy puzzle that is consistent with the empirical evidences which obtain the positive response of consumption and wage to increase of fiscal spending in general equilibrium model.
Simple Analysis of Dynamic Efficiency in Endogenous Fertility  [PDF]
Kazuki Hiraga
Theoretical Economics Letters (TEL) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/tel.2015.54063
Abstract: This paper compares with two conditions of dynamic (in)efficiency, which is “traditional” and “modified” in overlapped generations (OLG) model with endogenous fertility. We show that both two conditions of dynamic efficiency have a bliss point which maximizes the utility at steady state in endogenous fertility.
Statistical Survey of Deaths from Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Japan during 54 Years
Hisashi Ohtsuka
Journal of Skin Cancer , 2011, DOI: 10.1155/2011/293926
Abstract: The author analyzed the annual trends in the number of deaths from nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) from 1955 to 2008 in Japan on the basis of the data from the Vital Statistics of Japan. The general trends in the number of deaths from NMSC were downward between 1979 to 1994, but upward after 1995. The general trends in age-standardized death rates were roughly downward, although the death rates plateaued after 1995. The recent annual increased ratio of deaths from NMSC was 3.8% (95% confidence interval: 2.7？~？4.9%). The number and proportion of deaths from NMSC among the elderly were increasing in Japan. For females, more than 50% of the deaths occurred recently at or after 85？years of age, whereas, for males, this proportion was at or after 75？years of age, nearly reaching at or after 80？years of age. 1. Introduction The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been increasing during the past half century in many countries [1–6]. Authors performed the analysis of changing trends in the number of deaths from NMSC in Japan from 1955 to 2000 [7]. This time, the author expanded the period of survey to 2008 and revised the analysis, using the new WHO standard population which is effective for the period 2000–2025 [8]. 2. Material and Methods The annual trends in the number of deaths from NMSC in Japan from 1955 to 2008, those in age-standardized death rates, those in 3-year moving average, those by 5-year age group, those by sex and age group, and those in the proportion of deaths by sex and age group were investigated on the basis of the data from the Vital Statistics of Japan, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The corresponding revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and codes were ICD-6 code 191 in 1955–1957, ICD-7 code 191 in 1958–1967, ICD-8 code 173 in 1968–1978, ICD-9 code 173 in 1979–1994, and ICD-10 code C44 in 1995–2008, respectively. The author, however, treated the results continuously from 1955 to 1967, because there was no difference between ICD-6 and ICD-7 concerning NMSC. The author treated the remaining revisions as discontinuous, because there was a minor difference between ICD-6/-7, ICD-8, ICD-9, and ICD-10. The author judged that it would be possible to obtain the general annual trends in the number of deaths from NMSC in Japan for 54 years, although, strictly speaking, there were four times minor changes of ICD classifications concerning NMSC between these periods. The death rates were adjusted every year using the new WHO world standard
Corrosion Protection of Steels by Conducting Polymer Coating
Toshiaki Ohtsuka
International Journal of Corrosion , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/915090
Abstract: The corrosion protection of steels by conducting polymer coating is reviewed. The conducting polymer such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophen works as a strong oxidant to the steel, inducing the potential shift to the noble direction. The strongly oxidative conducting polymer facilitates the steel to be passivated. A bilayered PPy film was designed for the effective corrosion protection. It consisted of the inner layer in which phosphomolybdate ion, (PMo), was doped and the outer layer in which dodecylsulfate ion (DoS) was doped. The inner layer stabilized the passive oxide and the outer possessed anionic perm-selectivity to inhibit the aggressive anions such as chloride from penetrating through the PPy film to the substrate steel. By the bilayered PPy film, the steel was kept passive for about 200？h in 3.5% sodium chloride solution without formation of corrosion products. 1. Introduction Since the investigation of Shirakawa et al. on conducting polyacetylene, various applications of conducting polymer have been reported [1]. Utilization of the conducting polymer for corrosion protection coating is one of these applications, and many papers have been presented in the last decade. Preparation of polyacetylen was made by oxidation in gaseous phase; however, at present, the conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophen (Pthio) in Figure 1 for the corrosion protection have been prepared by electrochemical oxidation in liquid phase. Figure 1: Typical conducting polymers: (a) polypyrrole (PPy), (b) polythiophen (PThio), and (c) polyaniline (PAni). For application of the conducting polymer to corrosion protection, DeBerry was firstly reported in 1985, who presented that the stainless steel covered by PAni was kept in the passive state for relatively long period in sulfuric acid solution [2]. Wessling then pointed out that the conducting polymer coating of polyaniline and polypyrrole possibly possessed self-healing properties, in which the passive oxide between the substrate metal and the conducting polymer could be spontaneously reformed at a flawed site by oxidative capability of the conducting polymer [3]. When anodic potentials are applied to electrodes covered by the conducting polymers shown in Figure 1 after the polymerization, the oxidative property is provided in addition to the conductivity. The ability of the conducting polymer to oxidize the substrate steels allows potential of steels to be shifted to the passive state, in which the steels are protected by the passive oxide formed beneath the
Views on luck and winning, self-control, and gaming service expectations of culturally and linguistically diverse Australian poker machine gamblers
Keis Ohtsuka
Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health , 2013, DOI: 10.1186/2195-3007-3-9
Abstract: Despite an increase in social diversity in recent years, the role of culture in gambling cognition and behaviour is not fully understood. Qualitative interviews examined subjective views of Australian poker machine (electronic gaming machine) gamblers from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. A total of 49 Australian poker machine gamblers from CALD backgrounds (20 Chinese, 15 Vietnamese and 14 Greek Australians) were interviewed regarding their views on the concept of luck and winning, self control, subjective meanings of gambling and gaming venue service expectations. The current findings showed that the majority of poker machine gamblers from CALD backgrounds believed that the payout of poker machines occurred randomly. Luck was defined, therefore, as being at the right place at the right time when the poker machine pays out. However, a small number of interviewees maintained an optimistic view about achieving gambling wins by using a certain system. While experienced gamblers and those with secondary school qualification or lower regarded poker machine gambling as a random potluck, a few young players with university education subscribed to a more elaborate endorsement in favour of their own systems to win on the poker machine. Australian CALD gamblers valued friendly professional service from gaming venue staff (e.g., courteous customer service, affordable, quality food and drink, personal greetings using first names) but disliked intrusive or over-friendly interactions. Implications of the findings on the role of superstition and cognition on gamblers' beliefs are discussed.
TOPICAL REVIEW: Structural control of Fe-based alloys through diffusional solid/solid phase transformations in a high magnetic field
Hideyuki Ohtsuka
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials , 2008,
Abstract: A magnetic field has a remarkable influence on solid/solid phase transformations and it can be used to control the structure and function of materials during phase transformations. The effects of magnetic fields on diffusional solid/solid phase transformations, mainly from austenite to ferrite, in Fe-based alloys are reviewed. The effects of magnetic fields on the transformation temperature and phase diagram are explained thermodynamically, and the transformation behavior and transformed structures in magnetic fields are discussed.
The Construction of Pairwise Additive Minimal BIB Designs with Asymptotic Results  [PDF]
Kazuki Matsubara, Sanpei Kageyama
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/am.2014.514207
Abstract: An asymptotic existence of balanced incomplete block (BIB) designs and pairwise balanced designs (PBD) has been discussed in [1]-[3]. On the other hand, the existence of additive BIB designs and pairwise additive BIB designs with k = 2 and λ = 1 has been discussed with direct and recursive constructions in [4]-[8]. In this paper, an asymptotic existence of pairwise additive BIB designs is proved by use of Wilson’s theorem on PBD, and also for some l and k the exact existence of l pairwise additive BIB designs with block size k and λ = 1 is discussed.
Fiscal Sustainability of Japanese Prefectural Government Debt  [PDF]
Rena Akamatsu, Kazuki Hiraga
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.38009
Abstract: This paper investigates whether the Japanese local government debt is sustainable. We apply the fiscal stabilization rule that each local government improves their primary balance in the current year when they issue additional debt the previous year. We check it using panel data of the Japanese prefectural governments. We find that Japanese prefectural governments were not sustainable across 1956-2007, though were sustainable across 1956-1989.
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