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Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and Syphilis in Ouagadougou (2013-2024): Screening, Prevalence and Drug Treatment  [PDF]
Doninouor Edilbert Dabire, Sidnooma Véronique Zongo, Denise P. Ilboudo, Edie Jardel Combari, Edwige T. Yelemkoure, Abel P. Sorgho, Albert Théophane Yonli, Théodora M. Zohoncon, Florencia W. Djigma, Innocent Pierre Guissou, Jacques Simpore
American Journal of Molecular Biology (AJMB) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2026.161007
Abstract: Context: Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as hepatitis B and syphilis, affect more than one million people aged 15 to 49 every day. A better understanding of their prevalence is essential in order to move towards their elimination and contribute to a 90% reduction in chronic hepatitis cases by 2030. Objective: To analyze changes in the epidemiological trends of hepatitis B and syphilis between 2013 and 2024 in order to strengthen control strategies and improve medical care for patients. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, including retrospective data collection from the CERBA database (2013-2023) and prospective data collection in 2024. Biological samples were analyzed using rapid diagnostic tests: DetermineTM HBsAg 2 and DetermineTM Syphilis TP. Results: From 2013 to 2024, among the 2,604 participants (mean age: 30.33 ± 10.87 years), the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was 8.49% and that of syphilis was 1.61%. A downward trend in HBV was observed during the study period: 8.91% in 2013, 8.45% in 2016, 8.75% in 2020, and 7.83% in 2024. For syphilis, the rates were 2.30% in 2016, 2.61% in 2020 and 1.54% in 2024. Over the same period, HBV prevalence was higher in men than in women (9.24% vs. 7.10%, P = 0.061) and syphilis prevalence was also higher in men (1.72% vs. 1.42%, P = 0.563). In the management of HBV, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) remains the reference molecule, prescribed in 98.1% of cases, while tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is used marginally (1.9%), and the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) remains accessible. Conclusion: The still high prevalence of HBV in Burkina Faso requires increased vaccination efforts, particularly among at-risk groups, as well as equitable access to antivirals, with the goal of reducing chronic forms of hepatitis B by 90% within a decade. Furthermore, the decline in the prevalence of syphilis highlights the importance of early and continuous screening, treatment of partners and the implementation of effective prevention programs.
Vaccine Response against Hepatitis B Virus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure Not on Dialysis and Factors Associated with Poor Response  [PDF]
Mauria Gilga Ibobi, Jile Florient Mimiesse, Ga？l Honal Mahoungou, Jhonsial Joseph Molami Bovane, Bénedicte Niotsebe Ahombo, Bienvenu Hostaud Atipo Ibara, Mardoché Pérès Motoula, Marlyse Ngalessami Mouakosso, Arnaud Mongo-Onkouo, Ngala Itoua Ngaporo, Rody Stéphane Ngami, Clausina Mikolélé Ahoui Apendi, Blaise Irénée Atipo Ibara
Open Journal of Gastroenterology (OJGas) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2025.1512069
Abstract: Objective: To study the vaccine response to the hepatitis B virus vaccine in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identify factors associated with poor vaccine response. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal and analytical study was conducted over a two-year period, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. The research was carried out in the nephrology outpatient department of Brazzaville University Hospital. All patients aged 18 years or older, of any sex, with stage 4 or 5 CKD—regardless of etiology—who provided informed consent were included. Results: A total of 61 consenting patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 42 men and 19 women, resulting in a sex ratio of 2.21. The mean age was 50.36 years ± 14.07, ranging from 21 to 79 years. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (63.3%, n = 38), diabetes (39.3%, n = 24), obesity (26.2%, n = 16), and heart disease (24.5%, n = 15). Nearly 70% of patients exhibited a positive vaccine response, with 23% (n = 14) classified as good responders and 46% (n = 28) as poor responders. Among male participants, 74% (n = 31) were highly immunized. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) duration exceeding five years and CKD stage 5 were statistically associated with poor or absent vaccine response (p: 0.0195; p: 0.0150). Diabetes mellitus was the only comorbidity linked to poor or absent vaccine response (OR: 1.11 [0.34 - 3.59], p: 0.0615). Conclusion: A high rate of good vaccine response was observed in our study population. CKD duration exceeding 5 years and stage 5 CKD were associated with poor or absent response to vaccination. Diabetes mellitus was identified as the sole factor associated with poor vaccine response.
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Emine Kocaba？
Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi , 2008,
Abstract: There are more than 2 billion individuals are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Of these, 400 million are chronic carriers and 500 000 to 1.2 million will die annually from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carsinoma. Thus, primary prevention by vaccination to increase herd immunity remains the main thrust in control of HBV infection. Currently avaible hepatitis B vaccine are extremely safe have an efficacy of >90 percent. HBV infection can potentially be eradicated through global vaccination. Universal vaccination of all newborns regardless of maternal HBsAg status is necessary for global eradication of HBV infection. Three different classes of hepatitis B vaccine are available based upon how they are derived (from plasma, yeast, or mammalian cells). In infants, three doses of 0.5ml vaccine are required to complete the course. A positive immun response to the vaccine is defined as the development of anti-HBs at a titer > 10 mIU/ml. Although anti-HBs titers decrease with time , duration of protection is prolonged. Thus, routine booster injections are not required. Due to the 5-10 percent of the population will not respond to currently avaible vaccines, public health education and infection control measures to interrupt transmission of HBV remain important.
Hepatitis B Vaccination in Medical and Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study  [PDF]
Md. Usama Nasr, Md. Kamran Saleem, Abdullah Saeed
Open Journal of Internal Medicine (OJIM) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/ojim.2024.141011
Abstract: Background: Medical and dental students are at risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The study aimed to assess the vaccination status against Hepatitis B Virus of students in clinical and non-clinical years of a private medical and dental college, and their knowledge, attitude, and awareness about the subject. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire among 203 medical and dental students of CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry (CMH LMC & IOD) in Lahore, Pakistan. Participants were evaluated for their knowledge and vaccination status against Hepatitis B Virus. Students were considered to be fully vaccinated (recipients of 3 doses), partially vaccinated (recipients of 1 or 2 doses), and unvaccinated. Comparisons were made between students of clinical and non-clinical years. Data was entered and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Only 66% (n = 134) of the 203 participants had ever received a Hepatitis B Virus vaccine out of which a meagre 17.2% (n = 35) were fully vaccinated. No significant difference was found in vaccine uptake between students of clinical and non-clinical years (p-value = 0.181) despite significant differences seen in the knowledge of vaccination schedule (p-value = 0.001), the prevalence of needle-stick injuries (p-value = 0.001), and knowledge of protocols to be followed after a needle-stick injury (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion: Our study found that a large proportion of the student population is vulnerable to HBV infection. There is a need to create awareness regarding the subject to increase vaccine uptake. HBV vaccination should be offered to all currently enrolled students and be made mandatory at the time of admission in the future.
Active immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV) with low-doses of plasma-derived vaccine by intradermal route
Carrilho, Flair José;Queiroz, Maria Lúcia;Silva, Luiz Caetano da;Fonseca, Luís Edmundo Pinto da;Granato, Celso;Oba, Isabel;Obara, Leda;
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S？o Paulo , 1989, DOI: 10.1590/S0036-46651989000200005
Abstract: schedule for vaccination against hbv infection has usually been based on three separate injections of 20 meg of the vaccine by intramuscular route. one of the main shortcomings to its use in large scale programs has been its high cost. ninety out of 300 health workers were submitted to three injections of 2 meg of plasma-derived vaccine (pdv) by intradermal (id) route on days 0, 30, and 180. anti-hbs was detected in 74 (82.2%) after the second dose and in 80 (88.9%) after the third dose, a non-significant difference. however, levels above 10 times the cut-off were observed in 29 (32.2%) and 77 (85.5%), respectively (p < 0.001). the results showed that a low-dose schedule is effective when used in health workers and should be tried with other risk groups.
Sustained Improvement in Administration of the Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Bolanle Akingboye,Claudia Ferguson,Dawn Africa,Sheri L. Nemerofsky
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1062860617732635
Abstract: The New York State Department of Health recommends the administration of the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose within 12 hours of life (HOL) for all full-term babies irrespective of maternal hepatitis B status. The primary and secondary aims of the project were to improve the timeliness of vaccine administration and increase the total number of infants vaccinated prior to discharge. Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were performed. Statistical process charts of percentages of vaccination within 12 HOL and prior to discharge were constructed with 3-σ (data within 3 standard deviations from a mean) control limits. These control limits were adjusted after achieving significant improvements in performance over time. Administration within 12 HOL improved from 13% to ≥65% within 6 months, and has been sustained for >1 year. Vaccine administration prior to discharge increased from 94% to 98%. Quality improvement methods can rapidly improve adherence to newborn vaccine recommendations and these effects are sustainable
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and high rate of response to hepatitis B virus Butang？vaccine in adolescents from low income families in Central Brazil
Oliveira, Michele Dias da S;Martins, Regina MB;Matos, Marcos A;Ferreira, Renata C;Dias, Márcia A;Carneiro, Megmar AS;Junqueira, Ana Luiza N;Teles, Sheila A;
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 2006, DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762006000300004
Abstract: in order to evaluate the seroepidemiology and response to butang？ vaccine in adolescents from low income families in central brazil, blood samples of 664 adolescents were tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b core antibody (anti-hbc), and hepatitis b surface antibody (anti-hbs) markers, and multiple logistical regression analysis was carried out to determine variables associated with hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection markers. further, three 20 μg butang？ vaccine doses were offered to all susceptible individuals (n = 304). among those who accepted them (n = 182), the seroresponse was evaluated in 170 individuals by quantitative anti-hbs. an overall hbv prevalence of 5.9% was found: four adolescents were hbsag positive, 24 were anti-hbc, anti-hbs-reactive, and 11 were anti-hbc only. the analyse of risk factors showed that age 16-19 years, place of birth outside goiás, school b and body piercing were statistically associated with hbv infection markers (p < 0.05). all 170 adolescents responded to butang？, and a geometric mean titer (gmt) of 4344 mui/ml was obtained. these results reinforce the importance of hepatitis b vaccine in adolescents despite of the hbv regional endemicity, and suggest that three doses of 20 μg of the butang？ should guarantee protective anti-hbs levels to individuals at a critical time for hepatitis b acquiring such as latter adolescence and adulthood.
Análise da produ？？o científica sobre Hepatite B na pós-gradua？？o de enfermagem
Carvalho, Ayla Maria Calixto de;Araújo, Telma Maria Evangelista de;
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem , 2008, DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71672008000400020
Abstract: a bibliographic study focusing on hepatitis b, aiming to identify where the studies are taking place, their nature, type and the emphasis of the studies was undertaken. research was done through the cepen thesis bank for the period of 2000 through 2006,using the descriptors: "hepatitis b" and "hepatitis b vaccine". twenty-one (21) studies were found concentrated in two centers of study: university of s？o paulo (47.6%) and federal university of goiás (23,8%). the studies were developed as master's(95.2%) and doctorate (4.8%) works, the majority (95,2%) being quantitative in nature. of the studies found, 61.9% are related to occupational accidentsand19.0% refer to the seroprevalence of hepatitis b.
Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine ButaNG in adults
IOSHIMOTO, Luzia M.;RISSATO, Maria Lúcia;BONILHA, Valentina S.J.;MIYAKI, Cosue;RAW, Isaias;GRANOVSKI, Nikolai;
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S？o Paulo , 1999, DOI: 10.1590/S0036-46651999000300011
Abstract: recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b vaccine manufactured by instituto butantan was administered in two groups of adult volunteers (i, ii) following two different schedules of immunization. in the first trial (10 mg doses and 0, 1, 3 months vaccination schedule) 106 individuals completed the full immunization program. the results of seroconversion by age group varied from 70 to 100% and the gmt from 46.5 to 124.9 miu ml-1. in the second trial with 68 individuals (for dosage comparison and 0, 1, 6 months vaccination schedule) indicated that the vaccine formulated in 20 mg was more effective than in 10 mg. the adverse reactions observed in the vaccinees were less frequent than the ones previously found since the introduction of similar vaccines.
RESPUESTA INMUNE-CELULAR Y HUMORAL EN NINOS INMUNODEPRIMIDOS VACUNADOS CON LA VACUNA CUBANA ANTI-HEPATITIS B
Jauma Rojo,Ariel Jesús; Insua Arregui,Concepción; Macías Abraham,Consuelo; González Labrada,Carelia; Bericiartu Méndez,Maritza;
Revista Habanera de Ciencias M？？dicas , 2009,
Abstract: the infection for the virus of the hepatitis b (vhb) it constitutes a problem of world health. was carried out a study of the specific immunogenicity of the cuban vaccine heberbiovac - hb in inmunedepressed children. children were selected assisted in our service and a group of healthy children as control, without antecedents of being infected by the vhb. the study was carried out to patient and controls to the year of the last dose to determine the titles of antibodies reached by means of the method umelisa and to know the hipersensibility answer slowed in alive by means of the cutaneous test, evaluating this way qualitatively the cellular immune answer. it was observed that the patient inmunedepressed responded appropriately to the vaccine against the hepatitis b and that after one year of having immunized most maintained the protection, although always with answer levels below the group control with differences statistically significant.
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