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Effect of Glycine Betaine on Quality and Yield of Little Cherry  [PDF]
Jun Zhang, Li Zhai, Jiada Sun, Chunchun Yang, Yi Zhang, Yanan Sun, Zhuojun Wu, Huajun Luo
Agricultural Sciences (AS) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/as.2026.174015
Abstract: To investigate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) on the quality and yield of little cherry, a foliar spray experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2024 and 2025) using the 6-year-old little cherry variety “Hongfei” as the test material. Three treatment groups (0.1% GB, 0.3% GB, 0.6% GB) and a control group with water were established. Foliar spraying was performed once during the bud break stage (early March), fruit setting stage (early April), and initial fruit enlargement stage (late April). Fruit appearance quality, internal quality, and yield-related indicators were measured. The results showed that the 0.3% GB treatment group exhibited the most significant growth-promoting effect: the average single fruit weight increased by 35.1% compared to the control over two years, with longitudinal and transverse diameters increasing by 15.7% and 12.4%, respectively. The fruit color depth significantly improved, and the soluble solids content reached 18.5%, an increase of 17.1% compared to the control. The vitamin C content increased by 14.2%, while the titratable acid content decreased by 11.0%. The yield per 666.7 m2 reached 768.08 kg (2024) and 807.79 kg (2025), representing increases of 36.0% and 37.7% over the control, respectively. Therefore, foliar spraying of 0.3% glycine betaine solution during critical growth stages of little cherry can significantly improve fruit quality and yield, demonstrating high practical value in little cherry cultivation.
Impact of Osmotica and Abscisic Acid on Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Tea
International Journal of Plant Research , 2012, DOI: 10.5923/j.plant.20120202.04
Abstract: An in vitro protocol was developed to induce somatic embryos using mature cotyledons obtained from open pollinated flowers of cultivated Camellia species. Impact of abscisic acid () alone and its combination with osmotica was also evaluated on somatic embryogenesis. Various concentrations of osmoticum viz., polyethylene glycol (PEG) or mannitol or glycine betaine were tested where 5 mg L-1 and PEG 3% increased the number of somatic embryo formation compared to the other osmoticum coupled with . Results suggested that the use of osmoticum along with was quite effective to induce somatic embryos in tea. But germination of embryos required a new combination of nutrient medium. Inclusion of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in the nutrient medium enhanced percent germination and its growth.
Assessment of Osmolyte Accumulation in Heavy Metal Exposed Salvinia natans
B. Dhir,S.A. Nasim,S. Samantary,S. Srivastava
International Journal of Botany , 2012,
Abstract: Accumulation of osmolytes in terrestrial plants in response to environmental stresses is well reported and information about aquatic plants is limited. Present study aimed to investigate if the aquatic weed, Salvinia natans accumulates osmolytes/compatible solutes on exposure to various heavy metals. Plants exposed to heavy metals viz. Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Pb and Zn, were harvested after 48 h and various osmolytes including sucrose, mannitol, proline, glycine betaine and polyamines were estimated using biochemical methods. Results suggested that heavy metal stress does trigger the accumulation of osmolytes such as sucrose, mannitol and glycine betaine. In contrast proline accumulation was not observed. Studies of heavy metal stress on the endogenous levels of polyamines showed presence of free polyamines, while conjugated and bound forms were not detected. Among free polyamines, Putrescine (Put) and Spermidine (Spd) did not show significant decrease in heavy metal exposed Salvinia except Pb and Fe exposed plants. Spermine (Spm) content showed decline in heavy metal exposed Salvinia. The decrease in polyamine levels indicated their possible role in combating oxidative stress induced by heavy metals. Studies suggest that accumulation of osmolytes under heavy metal stress might help in imparting tolerance in Salvinia.
Effect of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid on Growth and Productivity of Droughted Wheat Cultivars: Image Analysis for Measuring the Anatomical Features in Flag Leaf and Peduncle of the Main Shoot
Aldesuquy, Heshmat S.,Abo-Hamed, Samy A.,Abbas, Mohmed A.,Elhakem, Abeer H.
Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry , 2013,
Abstract: The present study was planned to investigate the possible role displayed by water stress and application of GB, SA or their interaction on some anatomical features in flag leaf at anthesis (after 95 days from sowing) by measuring leaf thickness, ground tissue thickness, number of hairs, metaxylem vessel area, xylem vessel area, phloem tissue area, vascular bundle tissues area, number of motor cells as well as number of opened and closed stomata on both upper and lower epidermis and some anatomical features of peduncle (peduncle diameter, tracheids area, metaxylem vessel area, xylem area, phloem area, vascular area, number of vascular bundle as well as opened and closed stomata) of the two wheat cultivars. Water stress markedly affected the anatomical features in flag leaves of both wheat cultivars. It caused massive decreases (P< 0.05) in the leaf thickness, ground tissue thickness, number of hairs, metaxylem vessel area, xylem vessel area, phloem tissue area, vascular bundle area, number of motor cells as well as number of opened stomata on both upper and lower epidermis. On the other hand, water stress increased (P< 0.05) the number of hairs and closed stomata on both upper and lower epidermis in flag leaves of the two wheat cultivars. The magnitude of decrease in all anatomical features in flag leaf was more pronounced with the sensitive cultivar. Furthermore, water stress led to a marked decrease (P< 0.05) in peduncle diameter, tracheids area, metaxylem vessel area, xylem tissue area, phloem tissue area, vascular tissue area, number of vascular bundles as well as opened stomata but increased the number of hairs and closed stomata on the peduncle surface of the two wheat cultivars. In relation to wheat cultivar, the sensitive was more affected by water stress than the resistant one. The application of GB, SA or their interaction induced some modifications in the anatomical features of the flag leaf and peduncle of main shoot which appeared to be an adaptive response to drought stress.
Indicadores fisiológicos da intera？？o entre deficit hídrico e acidez do solo em cana-de-a？úcar
Carlin, Samira Domingues;Santos, Durvalina Maria Mathias dos;
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira , 2009, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2009000900006
Abstract: the aim of this work was to assess the physiological indicators of the interaction between water deficit and soil acidity, in sugarcane. the plants were submitted to three treatments of water availability - no stress (70% of field capacity, fc), moderate stress (55% fc), and extreme stress (40% fc); and three acidity treatments - no acidity [base saturation (v) = 55%], average acidity (v = 33%), and high acidity (v = 23%). the experiment was carried out in greenhouse, with 29.7±4.3oc and 75±10% rh. the experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 3x3 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. after 60 days, the contents of compatible solutes - trehalose, glycine betaine and proline - in the diagnostic leaf and the initial growth of shoots were determined. the compatible solutes trehalose, glycine betaine, and proline are indicators of the interaction of water and acidity stresses in the soil. the accumulation of compatible solutes in plant foliar tissues can not prevent sugarcane losses in dry matter production, caused by increasing water deficit and soil acidity.
Effect of Azotobacter vinelandii and Compatible Solutes on Germination Wheat Seeds and Root Concentrations of Sodium and Potassium under Salt Stress
A. Silini,H. Silini-Cherif,M. Ghoul
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 2012,
Abstract: The effect of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and exogenous application of compatible solutes on seed germination and root concentrations of sodium and potassium of two wheat varieties (Triticum durum L.) were evaluated under saline stress. In this experiment, Azotobacter vinelandii strain DSM85, glycine betaine and proline were used. Inoculated seeds for each variety were placed on Whatman paper in 9 cm Petri dishes containing 15 mL of distilled water or NaCl solutions at various concentrations (control, 100, 200, 300 mM) supplemented with or without Glycine Betaine (GB) or proline at 5 mM. The results indicated that addition of proline (5 mM) stimulated the production of indol acetic acid and the growth of A. vinelandii at 200 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The germination rate index and the germination final percentage decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing salinity level. The germination was significantly diminished at 300 mM with significant variation among varieties and Waha variety had higher germination percentage than Bousselam variety. Inoculation of seeds by A. vinelandii and exogenous application of proline had significantly positive effect on the germination at this concentration of NaCl. The rate of accumulation of Na+ in roots was important at 100 mM and increased at 200 mM. The concentration of K+ decreased when salinity increased. The effect of inoculation or inoculation with proline decreased the accumulation of Na+ and reduced the loss of K+ under salt stress. From the present study we can conclude that the use of A. vinelandii strain DSM85 and external application of low concentrations of proline on seeds might be considered as a strategy for the protection of plants under saline stress.
Role of glycine betaine and salicylic acid in improving growth vigour and physiological aspects of droughted wheat cultivars
Heshmat. S. Aldesuquy,Samy. A. Abo- Hamed,Mohmed. A. Abbas,Abeer. H. Elhakem
Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry , 2012,
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effect of foliar application of glycine betaine (10mM), grain presoaking in salicylic acid (0.05 M) and their interaction on two droughted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (sensitive, Sakha 94 and resistant, Sakha 93). In general, water stress caused noticeable increases in root length, number of adventitious roots, soluble sugars and nitrogen but a massive reduction in fresh and dry masses of root, growth vigor of shoot, leaf area, pigments content, polysaccharides, protein-N and total nitrogen in both wheat cultivars. Vice versa, exogenous application of GB, SA or their interaction could counteract the adverse effects of drought by improvement of growth vigor of root and shoot, leaf area, retention of pigments content, increasing the concentration of organic solutes (soluble sugars and soluble nitrogen) as osmoprotectants, keeping out the polysaccharides concentration and/or stabilization of essential proteins in both wheat cultivars. Finally, we can conclude that GB, SA or their interaction could improve the drought tolerance of both two wheat cultivars particularly the sensitive ones.
Les dérivés tensioactifs de la glycine béta ne : méthodes de synthèse et potentialités d'utilisation
Nsimba, ZF.,Paquot, M.,Mvumbi, LG.,Deleu, M.
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement , 2010,
Abstract: Glycine betaine surfactant derivatives: synthesis methods and potentialities of use. The term "betaine" is used to refer to the glycine betaine, but also its derivatives and an organic compound carrying a quaternary nitrogen. Glycine betaine is an amphoteric small compound, very polar that acts as osmoprotectant in plants and protective agent of the liver, of the heart and of the vessels in human. In order to exploit its numerous effects, researchers synthesized surfactant derivatives including alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, betainates (esters of glycine betaine monomers, geminis and bolaforms) and betainamides (amides of glycine betaine). Alkylbetaines and alkylamidobetaines are produced on the industrial scale and are used as amphoteric surfactants in cosmetics. They are less irritating compared to sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Betainates and betainamides are produced on laboratory scale. Betainates monomers are more biodegradable than the current esters while betainates geminis and bolaforms present respectively surface and membrane activities more interesting compared to their analogous monomers. Only the chemical way is used until now for their synthesis.
Applications of Chemical Shift Imaging to Marine Sciences
Haakil Lee,Andrey Tikunov,Michael K. Stoskopf,Jeffrey M. Macdonald
Marine Drugs , 2010, DOI: 10.3390/md8082369
Abstract: The successful applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medicine are mostly due to the non-invasive and non-destructive nature of MRI techniques. Longitudinal studies of humans and animals are easily accomplished, taking advantage of the fact that MRI does not use harmful radiation that would be needed for plain film radiographic, computerized tomography (CT) or positron emission (PET) scans. Routine anatomic and functional studies using the strong signal from the most abundant magnetic nucleus, the proton, can also provide metabolic information when combined with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS can be performed using either protons or hetero-nuclei (meaning any magnetic nuclei other than protons or 1H) including carbon (13C) or phosphorus (31P). In vivo MR spectra can be obtained from single region ofinterest (ROI or voxel) or multiple ROIs simultaneously using the technique typically called chemical shift imaging (CSI). Here we report applications of CSI to marine samples and describe a technique to study in vivo glycine metabolism in oysters using 13C MRS 12 h after immersion in a sea water chamber dosed with [2-13C]-glycine. This is the first report of 13C CSI in a marine organism.
Mechanism of Improving Cold Resistance of Plant by Glycine Betaine and Its Application
甜菜碱提高植物抗寒性的机理及其应用
HAN Dong-fang,LI Xue-ping,LI Jun,CHEN Wei-xin,DUAN Ji-xian,HUANG Pei-zhao,
韩冬芳,李雪萍,李军,陈维信,黄培钊,段继贤
热带亚热带植物学报 , 2010,
Abstract: Glycine betaine is an important osmotic regulator in plants.Many plant cells rapidly accumulate glycine betaine under adverse conditions,including low temperature to maintain an osmotic balance.This article provides an overview of the mechanism of improving cold resistance of plant by glycine betaine and its application,including glycine betaine biosynthesis,its protection mechanism under cold stress,the transformation of glycine betaine synthetase genes,and the effect of exogenous glycine betaine on improv...
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