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OALib Journal期刊

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Saliva from Obese Individuals Suppresses the Release of Aroma Compounds from Wine
Paola Piombino, Alessandro Genovese, Silvia Esposito, Luigi Moio, Pier Paolo Cutolo, Angela Chambery, Valeria Severino, Elisabetta Moneta, Daniel P. Smith, Sarah M. Owens, Jack A. Gilbert, Danilo Ercolini
PLOS ONE , 2014, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085611
Abstract: Background Recent evidence suggests that a lower extent of the retronasal aroma release correspond to a higher amount of ad libitum food intake. This has been regarded as one of the bases of behavioral choices towards food consumption in obese people. In this pilot study we investigated the hypothesis that saliva from obese individuals could be responsible for an alteration of the retro-nasal aroma release. We tested this hypothesis in vitro, by comparing the release of volatiles from a liquid food matrix (wine) after its interaction with saliva from 28 obese (O) and 28 normal-weight (N) individuals. Methods and Findings Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region indicated that Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were more abundant in O, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria dominated in N. Streptococcaceae were significantly more abundant in the O subjects and constituted 34% and 19% on average of the saliva microbiota of O and N subjects, respectively. The Total Antioxidant Capacity was higher in O vs N saliva samples. A model mouth system was used to test whether the in-mouth wine aroma release differs after the interaction with O or N saliva. In O samples, a 18% to 60% significant decrease in the mean concentration of wine volatiles was detected as a result of interaction with saliva, compared with N. This suppression was linked to biochemical differences in O and N saliva composition, which include protein content. Conclusion Microbiological and biochemical differences were found in O vs N saliva samples. An impaired retronasal aroma release from white wine was detected in vitro and linked to compositional differences between saliva from obese and normal-weight subjects. Additional in vivo investigations on diverse food matrices could contribute to understanding whether a lower olfactory stimulation due to saliva composition can be a co-factor in the development/maintenance of obesity.
An Integrated Approach Based on Multiplexed Protein Array and iTRAQ Labeling for In-Depth Identification of Pathways Associated to IVF Outcome
Valeria Severino, Livia Malorni, Anna Emilia Cicatiello, Vittoria D’Esposito, Salvatore Longobardi, Nicola Colacurci, Nadia Miraglia, Nicola Sannolo, Annarita Farina, Angela Chambery
PLOS ONE , 2013, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077303
Abstract: The emergence of high-throughput protein quantification methodologies has enabled the comprehensive characterization by longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of biological fluids under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, the simultaneous investigation of cytokines and growth factors signaling pathways and their associated downstream effectors by integrated multiplexed approaches offers a powerful strategy to gain insights into biological networks and processes in living systems. A growing body of research indicates that bioactive molecules of human reproductive fluids, including human follicular fluid (hFF), may affect oocyte quality, fertilization and embryo development, thus potentially influencing the physiopathology of pregnancy-related conditions. In this work, an iTRAQ labeling strategy has been complemented with a multiplexed protein array approach to analyze hFFs with the aim to investigate biological processes and pathways related to in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. The iTRAQ labeling strategy lead to the quantification of 89 proteins, 30 of which were differentially expressed in hFFs with successful compared to unsuccessful IVF outcome. The targeted study, based on multiplexed antibody protein arrays, allowed the simultaneous quantification of 27 low abundance proteins, including growth factors, chemokines and cytokines endowed with pro- and anti-inflammatory activity. A significant number of differentially regulated proteins were involved in biological functions related to blood coagulation, acute phase response signaling and complement system. Overall, the present results provide an integrated overview of protein changes in hFFs associated to IVF outcome, thus improving current knowledge in reproductive medicine and fertility research.
Characterization and kinetics studies of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) myoglobin
R. Dosi,A. Di Maro,A. Chambery,G. Colonna
Italian Journal of Animal Science , 2010, DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.1210
Abstract: It is generally accepted that dry-aged buffalo (B. bubalis) meat becomes dark faster than bovine (B. taurus) meat, discouraging consumer purchase. We have investigated whether this faster darkening process might depend on structural and/or kinetic differences between buffalo and bovine myoglobins (Mbs). To this end, we have purified to homogeneity buffalo Mb from Longissimus dorsi muscle and obtained both its Mr (17,034.5) and the complete amino acid sequence, which, compared with the bovine one, showed three amino acid substitutions: Dbo141Ebu, Abo19Tbu and Abo117Dbu. As revealed by the 3D structure, they were located on the surface of the protein, far from the heme binding pocket, and did not cause appreciable structural changes. Autoxidation rates of purified buffalo and bovine myoglobins at 37 °C, pH 7.2, were almost identical (0.052±0.001 h 1 and 0.054±0.002 h 1, respectively), as were their oxygen-binding Kd values (3.7±0.1 μM and 3.5± 0.1 μM, respectively). These data indicate that the structure of the heme pockets in the two proteins is similar, with similar functional properties. Moreover, the percent of MetMb values in the purified buffalo and bovine samples, after the same time from slaughtering, were almost identical (57% and 47%, respectively). The results presented here suggest that the faster darkening of buffalo meat depends on factors other than the oxidation rate of its Mb, as, for example, the Mb content (0.393±0.005 g/100 g) and consequently its MetMb content, which is almost twice as high as bovine meat (0.209±0.003 g/100 g), and likely other factors.
Preclinical toxicology and safety pharmacology of the first-in-class GADD45β/MKK7 inhibitor and clinical candidate, DTP3
Angela Chambery,Annamaria Sandomenico,Antonio Leonardi,Ashutosh Wechalekar,Daniel D'Andrea,Daniela Verzella,Daria Capece,Domenico Raimondo,Elizabeth A. Campbell,Federica Begalli,Gary Acton,Guido Franzoso,Heather E. Oakervee,Holger W. Auner,Ian Gabriel,James Kelly,Jane F. Apperley,Jason Bennett,Laura Tornatore,Magda J. Al-Obaidi,Martin F. Kaiser,Menotti Ruvo,Metod Oblak,Michael Tarbit,Nigel Adams,Reuben Benjamin,Richard S. Kaczmarski,Selina Bannoo
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.006
Abstract:
Women entrepreneurship in Romania
Angela ON
Revista Romana de Economie , 2011,
Abstract: Considering entrepreneurship the domain with the greatest potential for creativity and innovation, any investigation on this field is recommended, in order to reveal new aspects that can influence the small enterprises development. From this point of view, female entrepreneurship represents an important source of innovation, only partially exploited or even forgotten.
The Competent Citizen: Exploring the Normative Side of Qualified Notions of Citizenship  [PDF]
Angela Kallhoff
Open Journal of Political Science (OJPS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ojps.2020.104035
Abstract: Citizenship is a key notion in political philosophy. Its main content has been discussed in terms of rights and duties. This contribution argues that a recent debate on qualified notions of citizenship sheds new light on the normative discussion. Citizenship is no longer regarded as a unified notion; instead rights, duties and even virtues of political persons are part of a discussion on “economic citizenship”, “the educated citizen” and “environmental citizenship”. This leads to a re-assessment of citizenship in terms of “competences” and its enabling conditions.
Impact of Simulated Airborne Soot on Maize Growth and Development  [PDF]
Angela Anda, Berndett Illes
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.38092
Abstract: Various effects of the dry deposition of soot on maize were investigated in Keszthely (Hungary) in two consecutive years. In order to be able to study a wider range of weather conditions, some of the plants were placed in a Thornthwaite-Matter type evapotranspirometer and given ad libitum water supplies. Pollution with airborne black carbon was simulated throughout the season by distributing rates of 3 g?m–2 a week using a motorised dust sprayer. Among the plant growth parameters, the leaf area index was increased by 3% - 14%, depending on the year, suggesting that the plants were able to absorb the carbon settling on the leaves. The black carbon reduced the albedo of the canopy by 17.5% - 21.8%, depending on the year, forcing the polluted maize to absorb more energy. Part of this surplus energy was utilised for increased evapotranspiration (3.9% and 11% in the two years) and to raise the surface temperature of the canopy by 1℃ - 2℃ during the mid-day hours. The effect of the contamination on maize was more intense in the hot, dry year. The unfavourable effect of soot on maize fertilisation could be observed as a significant increase in the number of deformed ears, leading to a reduction in grain dry matter. The reduction in dry matter yield for polluted maize grown with irrigation in the evapotranspirometer was far less severe than that on non-irrigated plots, suggesting that irrigation was the most obvious solution for mitigating the negative effects of contamination with airborne soot.
Current Attitudes of Anesthesiologists towards Medically Futile Care  [PDF]
Angela Saettele,Joseph Kras
Open Journal of Anesthesiology (OJAnes) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ojanes.2013.34048
Abstract: Purpose: To explore anesthesiologists’ perceptions of the reasons underlying why physicians continue to provide care that they consider futile. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted utilizing a grounded theory approach. Four separate focus groups (2 resident physician groups and 2 attending physician groups) were conducted over a three week span. An interview guide was used consisting of a proposed definition of futility and five open-ended questions. Responses to the five open-ended questions were used to guide follow up questions. Transcribed audio recordings were then analyzed. Results: With data reduction, we were able to separate responses into definitions of futility, stories of cases where futile care was provided, and opinions as to the underlying causes of continuing to provide futile care. A variety of opinions was obtained, suggesting the possibility that different groups (surgeons, anesthesiologists, family members) view questions of futility differently. Conclusions: Complete agreement on a definition of futility does not exist. Even when some agreement exists, there is great difficulty in predicting outcomes in individual cases. Future quantitative studies may provide more evidence of trends in underlying reasons for providing futile care. Focused education efforts may then lead to more agreement between all involved.
Current Attitudes of Anesthesiologists towards Medically Futile Care  [PDF]
Angela Saettele, Joseph Kras
Open Journal of Anesthesiology (OJAnes) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ojanes.2013.34048
Abstract:

Purpose: To explore anesthesiologists’ perceptions of the reasons underlying why physicians continue to provide care that they consider futile. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted utilizing a grounded theory approach. Four separate focus groups (2 resident physician groups and 2 attending physician groups) were conducted over a three week span. An interview guide was used consisting of a proposed definition of futility and five open-ended questions. Responses to the five open-ended questions were used to guide follow up questions. Transcribed audio recordings were then analyzed. Results: With data reduction, we were able to separate responses into definitions of futility, stories of cases where futile care was provided, and opinions as to the underlying causes of continuing to provide futile care. A variety of opinions was obtained, suggesting the possibility that different groups (surgeons, anesthesiologists, family members) view questions of futility differently. Conclusions: Complete agreement on a definition of futility does not exist. Even when some agreement exists, there is great difficulty in predicting outcomes in individual cases. Future quantitative studies may provide more evidence of trends in underlying reasons for providing futile care. Focused education efforts may then lead to more agreement between all

Keeping the White Family Together: Racial Disparities in the Out-of-Home Placements of Maltreated Children  [PDF]
Angela M. Kaufman
Advances in Applied Sociology (AASoci) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/aasoci.2013.38041
Abstract: The likelihood of being removed from the home following a case of maltreatment is much higher for black youth than for whites. Two explanations exist in the literature. The first, black children experience more serious forms of maltreatment and have fewer resources to remedy the maltreatment situation than do whites. The second, there is an underlying racial bias within the child welfare system. The present study examines 789 dependency cases from child welfare services in a large urban county in the Northwest United States. Using multiple logistic regression models, it examines whether race has an effect on child placement within the child welfare system, and whether the factors influencing placement are the same for white and black youth. Findings illustrate a racial disparity in out-of-home placements supporting both of the competing explanations in the current literature. Overall, the present study finds that two separate processes seem to be at play in the placement decisions of maltreated youth, and concludes with possible explanations for this differential treatment.
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