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Ureteral Duplication, A Rare Cause of Ureterovaginal Fistulas: About Two Cases and Review of the Literature  [PDF]
Kisimba Emmanuel Manda, Mutangala Stéphane Ilunga, Ntamb Hugues Sthikung, Wanga Jean Gautier Kibabu, Albert Dana？, Unen Eric Wakunga, Batende David Nanga, Tambwe Albert Mwembo
Open Journal of Urology (OJU) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/oju.2026.163009
Abstract: Ureteral duplication is a rare congenital disorder of the urinary system, defined as a doubling of the excretory tracts of a normal parenchymal renal unit. It may be associated with a ureterovaginal fistula when the ostium of the supernumerary ureter ends in the vagina, resulting in a clinical picture of congenital urinary incontinence. We performed a pelvic ultrasound and intravenous urography, which enabled us to confirm our diagnosis. Surgical treatment involving ureteral reimplantation in the bladder was performed, and the post-operative period was marked by drying of the dressing and no urine leakage.
Hemodynamic Monitoring of Brain-Injured Patients at the Lubumbashi University Clinics: Preliminary Study on the Impact of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) versus S100 Beta Protein Assay in Therapeutic Optimization in a Resource-Limited Environment  [PDF]
Malangu Ntambwe Mhacks, Wasso Milinganyo Eddy, Kitembo Feruzi Sylvius, Yogolelo Ngalia Rosy, Mutomb Ntshinj Sarah, Kasamba Ilunga Erick, Mwembo Tambwe Albert, Iteke Fefe Rivain
Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery (OJMN) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/ojmn.2025.154027
Abstract: Introduction: Overcrowding in emergency departments is one of the main public health problems encountered in this sector over the last decade. Aim: This work aims to assess the current state and challenges of neurosurgery in resource-limited settings. Methodology: We conducted a prospective interventional study from November 2024 to February 2025, in total 3 months, carried out at the University Clinic of Lubumbashi in the Surgery, Emergency and Intensive care services. A total of 28 patients were included. Results: The average age of our patients was 34.86 years, with male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3. Altered consciousness was the most common presenting symptom. The average time to consult our patients was 359.1 hours, and the average Glasgow score was 11. The brain CT scan was performed in 81.48% of cases. The average time to perform TCD was 17.23 hours, an IP greater than 1.20 (92.59% of cases). The average time to S100 beta protein dosage was 15.24 hours and a surgical completion rate of 11.11% of cases. Conclusion: TCD and S100 β protein assay are two complementary tools in the evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury.
Hypertensive Pathologies in Peripartum: Complications and Maternal and Neonatal Outcome  [PDF]
Isango Idi Yves, Criss Koba Mjumbe, Kabamba Nzaji Michel, Malamba Lez Didier, Kakisingi Ngama Christian, Kiopin Mubinda Patrick, Mwilambwe Ngoy Steve, Manika Muteya Michel, Ngwe Thaba Jules, Mwembo Tambwe Albert, Kalenga Muenze Prosper
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OJOG) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2020.1020027
Abstract: Introduction: Among the hypertensive pathologies of pregnancy, preeclampsia remains the entity responsible for pregnancy complications. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of hypertensive pathologies in the peripartum, to determine the maternal and neonatal morbidity factors associated with preeclampsia on the one hand, and on the other hand, to other forms of hypertension in the peripartal period. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study of hypertensive pathologies in per partum over a period of 15 months？which have been included any pregnant, parturient and hypertensive childbirth. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Data positioning and dispersion parameters were studied. The factor analysis？was？performed by determining the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level set at p？≤ 0.05. Results: 142 cases of hypertension were collected from a total of 2988 deliveries,？i.e.？a frequency of hypertension of 4.8%. The main form of high blood pressure (HBP) was the isolated HBP at 51.4%. 60.3% of primiparas were preeclamptic [OR 2.47 (CI 1.25 - 4.91)], 63.2% of preeclampsia did not follow prenatal consultations？[OR 2.43 (CI 1.06 - 5.62)], 63.6% of preeclampsia had moderate and severe threat premature delivery [OR 4.57 (CI 2.11？-？9.99)], neonatal hypoxia in
Explaining Factors of the Financial Hospital Care Cost for Children Aged 0 to 59 Months. Case Study of the Kalonda Ouest Health Zone, Kasai (DR Congo, 2024)  [PDF]
Urbain Mekanda-me-Bibolo, Théophane Bukele Kekemb, Albert Mwembo Tambwe Ankoy, Salomon Bidilukinu Mukendi, Criss Koba Mjumbe, Deba？f Mutombo Kayembe, Emmanuel Mapango Bushabu, Georges Lomami Osakanu, Simon Ilunga Kandolo, Oscar Lubuya Numbi, Ghislain Mashini Ngongo
Open Access Library Journal (OALibJ) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1115296
Abstract: Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) imposes significant costs on families, particularly in rural areas. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the financial cost of care for children hospitalized in Kalonda West in 2024. Methods: A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on all hospitalized children, after logarithmic transformation of the cost to normalize its distribution. Variables including nutritional status, length of hospital stay, parental education level, distance between home and hospital, and parental age were considered. Adjusted β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify associations. Results: Maternal education level was positively associated with cost, with children whose mothers were educated having approximately 14% higher hospital costs than those whose mothers were not educated (β = 0.135; 95% CI: 0.066 - 0.205; p < 0.001). Each additional kilometer between home and hospital was associated with an increase in cost of approximately 1.6% (β = 0.016; 95% CI: 0.007 - 0.025; p < 0.001). Length of hospital stay was strongly associated with expenditure, with each additional day resulting in a 6.8% increase in cost (β = 0.067; 95% CI: 0.025 - 0.109; p = 0.002). Malnourished children incurred costs 19% higher than those with normal nutritional needs (β = 0.170; 95% CI: 0.029 - 0.310; p = 0.018). Parental age was also associated with a median increase of 2.8% in cost per additional year (β = 0.028; 95% CI: 0.020 - 0.036; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Improving affordability requires targeted subsidy policies, strengthened parenting education, innovative financing, and encouraging high-impact interventions during the first 1000 days of a child’s life.
Budget Alignment of Partners in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Its Impact on the Performance of Health Services  [PDF]
Baudouin Mbase Bonganga, Albert Mwembo Tambwe A Koy, Henri Mundongo Tshamba, Innocent Senemona Nakwa, Simon Ilunga Kandolo
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1110410
Abstract: Introduction: Households are the main source and a key player in health financing in the DRC in a proportion of 41% of current health expenditure. Alongside households, the other sources are foreign aid and the State Budget. The general objective of our study was to evaluate the performance of the local health system of Budjala. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study for analytical purposes on the budget alignment of partners in the DRC and its impact on the performance of health services conducted at the Budjala General Reference Hospital from 2013 to 2017 (a 5-year period). Our study population consisted of staff and users of the Reference General Hospital. Results: Our study shows that: the entire state budget was devoted to the payment of the bonus and salary of the staff; the external aid budget was allocated to the financing of human resources through bonuses and training, investment, pharmaceuticals and running costs; the household budget was allocated to finance staff bonuses, investment, pharmaceuticals and running costs. External aid funding accounted for 60.56% of the funding allocated to the Budjala Reference General Hospital from 2013 to 2017. About the performance indicators of the Budjala General Reference Hospital: regarding the supply and use of services, we found a bed occupancy rate below 60%, an average length of stay of 6.8 days, a delivery rate of 91%, a low referral rate, a mortality greater than 48 hours of 3.4%, a postoperative infection rate of 2.4%. In relation to user satisfaction: the satisfaction rate was 92.4% and the dissatisfaction rate 7.6%. Among the causes of dissatisfaction, we note the unavailability of medicines (OR: 10.1; 95% CI: 2.4 - 43.5) and a lack of medical equipment (OR: 8.6; 95% CI: 3.7 - 19.9). Conclusion: External aid represented 60.56% of the funding allocated to the Budjala Reference General Hospital from 2013 to 2017, bed occupancy below 60%, mortality over 48 hours of 3.4%, postoperative infection rate of 2.4%.
Accouchées avec statut sérologique VIH inconnu à Lubumbashi, RD Congo: proportion et déterminants
Albert Mwembo-Tambwe A Nkoy, Prosper Kalenga Muenze Kayamba, Philippe Donnen, Faustin Chenge Mukalenge, Perrine Humblet, Michèle Dramaix, Pierre Buekens
Pan African Medical Journal , 2012,
Abstract: Introduction: Beaucoup d'enfants vivant avec le VIH ont été infectés par leurs mères. Pour prévenir la transmission verticale les femmes doivent d’abord conna tre leur statut sérologique VIH .L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la proportion de statut VIH inconnu à la naissance et d'identifier les facteurs associés. Méthodes: C’est une étude transversale réalisée dans 10 structures sanitaires de Lubumbashi de Juin à Septembre 2010. La taille de l’échantillon était de 602 accouchées. Les statistiques descriptives usuelles et la régression logistique ont été utilisées. Résultats: Parmi les accouchées, 52,5 % ignoraient leur statut sérologique. Parmi elles, 62,9 % accepteraient de faire le test VIH à la maternité. La proportion des femmes avec un statut sérologique VIH inconnu était significativement plus élevée chez celles qui n’avaient pas suivi de CPN (Odds Ratio ajusté (ORa) = 5,8; Intervalle de Confiance (IC) 95 % : 1,7-19,8) ; chez celles qui avaient un bas niveau d’instruction (ORa = 1,5 ; IC 95% : 1,1-2,1) et chez celles qui ne savaient pas que la transmission verticale du VIH pouvaient se faire au moment de l’accouchement (ORa = 1,5 ; IC 95 % : 1,0-2,4). Conclusion: La proportion de femmes qui accouchent sans conna tre leur statut sérologique au VIH est encore importante, malgré le fait que le dépistage du VIH soit proposé lors des CPN. Dans les zones à haute séroprévalence de VIH, aucune femme ne devrait accoucher sans être dépistée au VIH. Ce serait une opportunité manquée. Pan African Medical Journal 2012 ; 12:25
Method of Payment and Accessibility and Accessibility to Healthcare in Urban Areas: Case of the Health District of Kisanga in the Democratic Republic of Congo  [PDF]
Ngolo Kwete Matthieu, Chuy Kalombola Didier, Kimba Mukanya Pascal, Matungulu Matungulu Charles, Ilunga Kandolo Simon, Mashini Ngongo Ghislain, Chenge Mukelenge Faustin, Mwembo Tambwe Albert, Luboya Numbi Oscar
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1107712
Abstract: Introduction: Improving health conditions in poor countries should be a priority in development policies, not only because health problems are an integral dimension of poverty, but also because there is no access to development without work and no longer to a work without health. Method: We carried out a cross-section on accessibility to care in the Kisanga health zone with the aim of improving access to health care. Our data was collected based on a questionnaire as well as an interview. We used the Epi Info software for analysis and data recording. Results: Regarding the gender of heads of household, we observed a predominance of women (52.7%); the Protestant religion was in the majority (29%); households spent an average of $170 for care; payment for care as well as discrimination were the determinants of access to care (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: It is imperative to organize the health service and institute risk sharing in terms of third-party payment to promote access to health care, which is a condition for the emergence of any nation.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding Sepsis in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo  [PDF]
Michel Muteya Manika, Rivain Fefe Iteke, Aristophane Koffi Tano, Olivier Kabiriko Mukuku, Christian Ngama Kakisingi, Berthe Nsimire Barhayiga, Nathan Kutshid Nguz’a, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Christian Nawej Tshisuz, Florence Mutomb Mujing’a, Serge Kapend Matanda, Anne-Marie Ntumba Kayamba, Michel Nzaji Kabamba, Eric Ilunga Kasamba, Albert A Nkoy Tambwe Mwembo, Claude Mulumba Mwamba, Hippolyte Nani-Tuma Situakibanza, Liévin Kalala Kapend’a
Advances in Infectious Diseases (AID) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/aid.2025.151003
Abstract: Background: Optimizing sepsis management and developing training programs for healthcare workers depend on identifying areas for improvement. This study assesses the interrelationship between healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sepsis in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Results: The study involved 179 healthcare workers, with 169 completing a questionnaire. The majority were physicians (83.43%) with a male predominance (79.29%). Physicians under 40 years old represented 53.85%, while most nurses were women (83.29%), aged 40 to 50 years (81.71%) with more than 10 years of experience (42.86%). Most worked in public hospitals (55.32%). Although 81% of physicians and 52% of nurses reported knowing the definition of sepsis, only 34% of physicians correctly identified it, with none of the nurses doing so. Regarding diagnosis, 49% of physicians mentioned CRP as a key marker, and 61% used the infection-SIRS association, compared to 29% of nurses. Only 26.42% of physicians knew that tachycardia was not part of the qSOFA score. The results revealed that 46.60% of respondents had low knowledge, 37.46% had moderate knowledge, and only 15.94% had good knowledge. Physicians had slightly better knowledge than nurses (p < 0.001), emphasizing the need to improve sepsis training. Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive training on sepsis and standardized care strategies (SSC) in DRC.
Determinants of Maternal Deaths among Women with Obstetric Complications in Kasai Province from 2022 to 2024  [PDF]
Célestin Mamba, Richard Mukendi, Paul Makan Mawaw, Tabitha Ilunga Mpoyi, Joséphine Monga Kalenga, Bienfait Mwarabu Much’apa, Simon Ilunga Kandolo, Albert Mwembo Tambwe
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1115846
Abstract: Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem worldwide. According to recent estimates from the World Health Organization, approximately 287,000 maternal deaths were recorded globally in 2020, with more than 95% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the maternal mortality ratio remains high, estimated at 760 deaths per 100,000 live births. The objective of our study was to identify the factors explaining maternal deaths among women who experienced obstetric complications in the Kasai Province. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. A case-control analytical design was complemented by a phenomenological design. The study was conducted in the Kasai Province from 2022 to 2024 and included 708 records of women who experienced obstetric complications. Results: Among women who experienced obstetric complications, 25% died, reflecting a high obstetric mortality rate. Reports from the Provincial Health Directorate (DPS) indicate a maternal mortality rate of 119 deaths per 100,000 live births. The main factors associated with maternal deaths were maternal age over 40 years, lack of skilled birth attendants, lack of follow-up antenatal care, interpregnancy interval of less than 2 years, and delayed access to care (p < 0.05). Postpartum hemorrhage was the direct obstetric cause, while gestational malaria was the indirect cause (p < 0.05). Responsibility for maternal deaths was shared among the community, healthcare facility administration, and healthcare providers. Conclusion: Maternal mortality remains high in the DRC, particularly in Kasai Province. The observed maternal deaths are linked to largely preventable factors and involve multiple responsibilities. An integrated approach, taking into account community, institutional, and professional dimensions, is essential for a sustainable reduction in maternal mortality.
Performance of the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance System in Kasai Province from 2022 to 2024  [PDF]
Célestin Mamba, Richard Mukendi, Paul Makan Mawaw, Tabitha Ilunga Mpoyi, Joséphine Monga Kalenga, Bienfait Mwarabu Much’apa, Simon Ilunga Kandolo, Albert Mwembo Tambwe
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1115848
Abstract: Introduction: Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response still poses serious challenges in the DRC and in the Kasai province. The objective of this study was to evaluate its performance, identify gaps, and propose appropriate solutions to contribute to reducing maternal and perinatal mortality in the province. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study with a comprehensive design (cross-sectional analytical for quantitative data, phenomenological for qualitative data) covering the period from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2024. Quantitative data were analyzed using Epi Info (v7.2.6.0) with descriptive and inferential statistics (95% CI). Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: The performance of the system’s pillars ranged from 19% to 56%. Only 25% of deaths were reviewed in the province during the evaluation period. Providers trained in maternal and perinatal mortality monitoring (MPM), the availability of MPM forms, the existence of an MPM committee in the health district (HD), the completion of maternal and perinatal death reviews, and the holding of HD MPM meetings are associated with the performance of the MPM system (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The MPM system remains underperforming in Kasai Province. To strengthen its performance, it is important to address its core components by strengthening infrastructure, financial management, and communication; and to build the capacity of MPM and HZN providers and foster their retention.
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