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城市形态与体力活动的关系研究
梁汉平
- , 2016, DOI: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2016.03.006
Abstract: 摘要： 体力活动不足成为当今世界各国普遍存在的问题。城市形态是人们体力活动行为的环境影响因素,文章采用文献资料和比较的方法探讨作为城市形态的建成环境与体力活动的关系。研究发现,人口密度、土地混合使用、街道连通性等与人们的体力活动相关。因此,在城市规划设计中,应充分考虑街道、公园与绿色空间、邻里的设计,以增加社区居民的体力活动水平
基于混合选择模型研究建成环境主观感知对通勤方式选择的影响
Research on the Impact of Subjective Perceptions of the Built Environment on Commuting Mode Choice Based on a Hybrid Choice Model  [PDF]
黄子轩, 陆欢, 程智鹏, 干宏程
Modeling and Simulation (MOS) , 2025, DOI: 10.12677/mos.2025.144300
Abstract: 建成环境是影响出行行为的重要因素，为探索出行者对建成环境的感知是否会对出行行为产生影响。本文根据上海市居民通勤出行问卷调查数据，获取居民对居住地和工作地的建成环境主观感知，同时设置了居住地和工作地两端的出行安全性、周边配套设施可达性、公共交通可达性、出行路况、出行美学、停车方便性，一共12个潜变量，使用多项logit模型(Multinomial Logit Model, MNL)和含潜变量的混合选择模型(Hybrid Choice Model, HCM)进行估计，全面分析了个人社会经济属性和建成环境主观感知对出行方式选择的影响。结果表明，1) HCM模型拟合系数大于MNL模型拟合系数，拟合优度提升率为10%，表明HCM模型对实证数据会带来更好的预测度；2) 居住地周边出行美学对步行出行有正向影响，工作地周边出行安全性对自行车出行有正向影响，工作地周边出行路况及工作地停车方便性的主观感知也会对出行方式带来显著影响；3) 对于通勤人员来说，工作地的建成环境主观感知较居住地对出行方式影响更显著。因此，为了促进公共交通通行和绿色健康方式出行，可提升出行者对于建成环境的积极感知，对出行者的出行方式选择行为进行干预和引导。
The built environment is a significant factor influencing travel behavior. To explore whether travelers’ perceptions of the built environment affect their travel behavior, this study utilizes survey data on commuting behavior among Shanghai residents. The data captures residents’ subjective perceptions of the built environment at both their residential and workplace locations. Twelve latent variables were established, including travel safety, accessibility of surrounding facilities, public transport accessibility, travel conditions, travel aesthetics, and parking convenience at both residential and workplace locations. The study employs the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) and the Hybrid Choice Model (HCM) with latent variables to estimate the impact of individuals’ socio-economic attributes and subjective perceptions of the built environment on travel mode choice. The results indicate that: 1) The HCM model has a higher goodness-of-fit coefficient compared to the MNL model, with an improvement rate of 10%, suggesting that the HCM model provides better predictive accuracy for empirical data; 2) Perceived travel aesthetics around the residential area positively influences walking, while perceived travel safety around the workplace positively influences cycling. Additionally, subjective perceptions of travel conditions and parking convenience at the workplace significantly impact travel mode choice; 3) For commuters, subjective perceptions of the built environment at the workplace have a more pronounced effect on travel mode choice than those at the residential location. Therefore, to promote the use of public transport and green, healthy travel modes, it is essential to enhance travelers’ positive perceptions of the built environment and guide their travel mode choice behavior through targeted interventions.
健康视角下城市建成环境对老年人日常步行活动的影响研究
孙鸿鹄, 王文文, 甄峰,姜玉培
- , 2020, DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020190069
Abstract: 摘要： “健康老龄化”背景下,促进身体活动是提升老年人健康水平的重要方式,也是当前多学科交叉研究的热点。依托南京市居民身体活动调查数据,选择老年人日常生活中最普遍且有益健康的步行活动作为研究主题,探究建成环境的影响,以期为相关理论与实践提供有益探索。研究表明：① 老年人日常步行空间范围可作为步行所涉及建成环境边界,不同类型的主要活动场所则可识别建成环境要素需求差异。② 日常生活所涉及的公共开放空间、商业及公共服务设施的密集性,以及主观建成环境感知对老年人交通性/休闲性步行活动具有显著影响。③ 基于老年人日常步行活动习惯及建成环境对步行活动的影响,可从有效供给日常步行生活空间、积极引导健康生活方式方面提出相应规划策略。
城市建成环境如何影响居民生理健康?——中介机制与实证检验
李苗裔, 赵立珍, 邓伟涛,张延吉
- , 2020, DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020190359
Abstract: 摘要： 建成环境对公共健康的影响路径仍藏于黑箱中,且既有片段式分析多未考虑居住自选择问题。基于福州市社会调查,建构结构方程模型。研究发现：通过体力活动的中介作用,密度及多样性、道路通达性、形象维护管理、体育设施可达性均与生理健康自评值存在正向关联;前三类建成环境特征主要经由社会资本、犯罪活动、居住安全感对休闲型步行产生间接正向效应,中高强度体力活动则受到实体要素直接影响;通过饮食行为的中介作用,提高健康食物可达性能有效减少罹患慢性病的种类数。即使规避了自选择干扰,上述建成环境特征依然对生理健康状况具有显著影响,证明建成环境优化确是改善公共健康的可行途径,需在城市规划中兼顾体育和食物环境两项重点、硬件和软件环境两个层面。
The value of Twitter data for determining the emotional responses of people to urban green spaces: A case study and critical evaluation
Helen Roberts,Jon Sadler,Lee Chapman
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0042098017748544
Abstract: Interactions between humans and nature are understood to be beneficial for human well-being. In cities, urban green spaces are believed to provide many benefits to urban populations in terms of mental and emotional well-being. Through a case study of 60 urban green spaces in Birmingham, United Kingdom, this article investigates the spatial and temporal variation of the emotions experienced by individuals whilst using urban green spaces. Using a dataset obtained from Twitter as the basis for emotional explorations, sentiment analysis was performed on over 10,000 tweets to ascertain the positivity/negativity of individuals. Positive responses were more common than negative responses across all seasons, with happiness and appreciation of beauty being the common positive emotions identified. For the negative responses, fear and anger were present in similar amounts, with fewer tweets indicating sadness and disgust. Our findings show that Twitter data is a viable source of information to researchers investigating human interaction and emotional response to space in cities. Such information has implications for urban planners and park managers, enabling the creation of evidence-based spaces which enhance positive outdoor experience. Limitations in using Twitter data are discussed and these should be considered in future research
Controlled environments: An urban research agenda on microclimatic enclosure
Jonathan Rutherford,Simon Marvin
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0042098018758909
Abstract: Controlled environments create specialist forms of microclimatic enclosure that are explicitly designed to transcend the emerging limitations and increasing turbulence in existing modes of urban climatic conditions. Across different urban contexts, anthropogenic change is creating urban conditions that are too hot, cold, humid, wet, windy, etc. to support the continued and reliable environments that are suitable for the reproduction of food, ecologies and human life. In response, there are emerging forms of experimentation with new logics of microclimatic governance that seek to enclose environments within membranes and develop artificially created internal ecologies that are precisely customised to meet the needs of the plant, animal or human occupants of these new forms of enclosure. While recognising that enclosure has a long history in urbanism, design and architecture, we ask if a new logic of microclimatic governance is emerging in specific response to the ecological changes of the Anthropocene. The paper sets out a research agenda to investigate whether the ability of cities, states and corporates to design and construct internalised environments is now a strategic capacity that is critical to developing the knowledge, practices and technologies to reconfigure new forms of urban climatic governance that address the problems of climate change and ensure urban reproduction under conditions of turbulence
杭州市城区成年居民步行时间与建成环境主观感知的关联分析
任艳军,刘庆敏,吕筠,曹承建,李立明,苏萌
- , 2015, DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2015.10.011
Abstract: 目的 了解杭州市城区成年居民步行与建成环境主观感知之间的关系。方法 2012年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法选取杭州市城区25~59岁居民开展面对面问卷调查。采用国际体力活动量表长版(IPAQ-L)和社区步行环境量表简版(NEWS-A)评价居民过去1周交通出行相关步行时间、休闲性步行时间以及建成环境主观感知。利用多因素logistic回归法分析步行与建成环境主观感知得分的关联性。结果 杭州市城区成年居民过去1周总体力活动得分M=2 766 met·min-1·week-1,平均1周休闲相关步行时间为90 min,平均1周交通相关步行时间则为100 min。控制年龄、BMI、婚姻状况、工作状态、文化程度、居住社区类型、总体力活动水平后,男性(OR=0.764,95%CI:0.588~0.992)和女性(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.481~0.833)的休闲性步行时间均与场所设施可及性维度得分呈负相关,女性休闲性步行时间还与住宅密度维度得分呈负相关(OR=0.997,95%CI:0.996~0.999),女性交通出行相关步行时间则与步行道/自行车道维度得分呈正相关(OR=1.537,95%CI:1.138~2.075)。男性交通出行相关步行时间与建成环境主观感知各维度得分的关联均无统计学意义。结论 可通过改善步行道/自行车道等建成环境促进成年居民的交通相关步行时间,开展成年人步行的环境干预时需要考虑性别差异
Urban heritages: How history and housing finance matter to housing form and homeownership rates
Sebastian Kohl,Timothy Blackwell
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0042098018757414
Abstract: Contemporary Western cities are not uniform, but display a variety of different housing forms and tenures, both between and within countries. We distinguish three general city types in this paper: low-rise, single-family dwelling cities where owner-occupation is the most prevalent tenure form; multi-dwelling building cities where tenants comprise the majority; and multi-dwelling building cities where owner-occupation is the principal tenure form. We argue that historical developments beginning in the 19th century are crucial to understanding this diversity in urban form and tenure composition across Western cities. Our path-dependent argument is twofold. First, we claim that different housing finance institutions engendered different forms of urban development during the late 19th century and had helped to establish the difference between single-family dwelling cities and multi-dwelling building cities by 1914. Second, rather than stemming from countries’ welfare systems or ‘variety of capitalism’, we argue that these historical distinctions have a significant and enduring impact on today’s urban housing forms and tenures. Our argument is supported by a unique collection of data of 1095 historical cities across 27 countries
Scaling
Didi van Doren,Hens Runhaar,Mendel Giezen,Peter PJ Driessen
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0042098016640456
Abstract: In cities worldwide, low-carbon urban initiatives (LCUIs) are realised by pioneers that prove that climate mitigation strategies can be integrated in urban development trajectories. Practitioners and scholars reflect on the need to scale-up such initiatives in order to accelerate the transition to low-carbon cities. Yet, limited conceptual clarity exists regarding the meaning of the concept of ‘scaling-up’ and the factors driving this process. This article aims to contribute to practice and theory on low-carbon urban development by presenting a taxonomy on the concept of scaling-up. Moreover, an explanatory framework is presented consisting of factors expected to contribute to the impact and scaling-up of LCUIs. Two case studies were conducted to illustrate the explanatory framework. The studies are illustrative but suggest that the explanatory framework allows for a systematic understanding of how the impact of former initiatives can be explained, and how their scaling-up can be promoted
Mind the gaps! A research agenda for urban interstices
Cristian Silva,Nicholas A Phelps
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0042098017732714
Abstract: Processes of urbanisation can hardly be considered without reference to the spaces that lie between developments. However, the literature on such interstitial spaces is fragmentary. In this paper we draw together insights from the extant literature into a research agenda on urban interstices. We propose a research agenda centred on four themes: the multiple geographic scales at which the interstitial spaces of urban sprawl might be analysed; the pending nature of such spaces; their planned or unplanned character and their relational properties. We develop these themes, briefly illustrating them with reference to the case of metropolitan area of Santiago de Chile. In conclusion, we emphasise some of the implications of interstitial spaces for theories of urban politics and their value in forcing inter-disciplinarity in urban studies
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