Wavelength-Dependent Optical and Electrical Responses of Muscovite Mica under Multi-Wavelength Laser Excitation: An Integrated Computational and Literature-Supported Study
Muscovite mica is a layered aluminosilicate with anisotropic optical and dielectric properties that make it attractive for photonic and laser-responsive applications. This study presents an integrated numerical and literature-supported investigation of muscovite mica under controlled multi-wavelength laser excitation, emphasizing its wavelength-dependent optical and electrical responses. The adopted framework combines polarization-sensitive analysis, optical transmission modelling, laser-material interaction assessment, and electrical conductivity evaluation under defined numerical conditions. Numerical modelling is employed as a complementary tool to interpret the observed trends and assess their physical consistency. A systematic verification procedure evaluates agreement between calculated results and literature-derived reference data and quantitatively assesses the associated deviations according to established principles. The results reveal distinct wavelength-dependent variations in the optical and electrical behaviour of muscovite mica, indicating that the incident laser wavelength plays an important role in governing the predicted material response. Good agreement between numerical results and reference data further supports the reliability of the adopted framework. These findings provide insight into laser-muscovite interactions and highlight the potential of this layered dielectric material for wavelength-responsive photonic systems, optical sensing, and laser-material interaction studies.
References
[1]
Maruvada, A., Shubhakar, K., Raghavan, N., Pey, K.L. and O’Shea, S.J. (2022) Dielectric Breakdown of 2D Muscovite Mica. Scientific Reports, 12, Article No. 14076. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18320-7
[2]
Franceschi, G., Kocán, P., Conti, A., Brandstetter, S., Balajka, J., Sokolovi？, I., et al. (2023) Resolving the Intrinsic Short-Range Ordering of K+ Ions on Cleaved Muscovite Mica. Nature Communications, 14, Article No. 208. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-35872-y
[3]
Wang, H., Sun, Y., Chu, J., Wang, X. and Zhang, M. (2020) Crystalline Structure Variation within Phlogopite, Muscovite and Talc under 0-1000 kGy γ Ray Irradiation: A Clear Dependence on Intrinsic Characteristic. Applied Clay Science, 187, Article 105475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105475
[4]
de Poel, W., Pintea, S., Drnec, J., Carla, F., Felici, R., Mulder, P., et al. (2014) Muscovite Mica: Flatter than a Pancake. Surface Science, 619, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2013.10.008
[5]
Wu, S., Lee, W.P.C. and Wu, P. (2022) Origin of Observed Narrow Bandgap of Mica Nanosheets. Scientific Reports, 12, Article No. 2868. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06820-5
[6]
Qiao, J., Kong, X., Hu, Z., Yang, F. and Ji, W. (2014) High-Mobility Transport Anisotropy and Linear Dichroism in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus. Nature Communications, 5, Article No. 4475. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5475
[7]
Ermolaev, G.A., Grudinin, D.V., Stebunov, Y.V., Voronin, K.V., Kravets, V.G., Duan, J., et al. (2021) Giant Optical Anisotropy in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Next-Generation Photonics. Nature Communications, 12, Article No. 854. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21139-x
[8]
Guo, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhang, T., Zhou, J., Xiao, S., Wang, S., et al. (2024) Colossal In-Plane Optical Anisotropy in a Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Crystal. Nature Photonics, 18, 1170-1175. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01501-3
[9]
Niu, S., Joe, G., Zhao, H., Zhou, Y., Orvis, T., Huyan, H., et al. (2018) Giant Optical Anisotropy in a Quasi-One-Dimensional Crystal. Nature Photonics, 12, 392-396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0189-1
[10]
Ma, W., Alonso-González, P., Li, S., Nikitin, A.Y., Yuan, J., Martín-Sánchez, J., et al. (2018) In-Plane Anisotropic and Ultra-Low-Loss Polaritons in a Natural Van Der Waals Crystal. Nature, 562, 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0618-9
[11]
Born, M. and Wolf, E. (2013) Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light. 7th Edition, Elsevier.
[12]
Shurcliff, W.A. (1966) Polarized Light: Production and Use. Harvard University Press.
[13]
Jones, R.C. (1941) A New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical Systemsi Description and Discussion of the Calculus. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 31, 488-493. https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.31.000488
Nitsche, R. and Fritz, T. (2004) Precise Determination of the Complex Optical Constant of Mica. Applied Optics, 43, 3263-3270. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.003263
[16]
Ruthberg, S., Barnes, M.W. and Noyce, R.H. (1963) Correlation of Muscovite Sheet Mica on the Basis of Color, Apparent Optic Angle, and Absorption Spectrum. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A: Physics and Chemistry, 67, 309-324. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.067a.033
[17]
Zhang, S.X., Liu, J., Zeng, J., Song, Y., Mo, D., Yao, H.J., et al. (2015) Effects of Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation Parameters on Optical Properties of Muscovite Mica. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 343, 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.10.028
[18]
Lu, X.F., Majewski, L.A. and Song, A.M. (2008) Electrical Characterization of Mica as an Insulator for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Organic Electronics, 9, 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2008.02.007
[19]
Singh, L., Kaur, S., Singh, M. and Kaur, N. (2011) Electrical and Dielectric Characteristics of Annealed Muscovite Ruby Mica. Materials Physics and Mechanics, 11, 60-67.
[20]
Arora, A., Ganapathi, K.L., Dixit, T., Miryala, M., Masato, M., Rao, M.S.R., et al. (2022) Thickness-Dependent Nonlinear Electrical Conductivity of Few-Layer Muscovite Mica. Physical Review Applied, 17, Article 064042. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.17.064042
[21]
Saltas, V., Pentari, D. and Vallianatos, F. (2020) Complex Electrical Conductivity of Biotite and Muscovite Micas at Elevated Temperatures: A Comparative Study. Materials, 13, Article 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163513
[22]
Vasseur, J. (2006) Multiwavelength Laser Sources for Broadband Optical Access Networks. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
[23]
Persson, L. (2025) Simulation and Characterization of Thermal and Optical Effects in Surface-Emitting Lasers. Ph.D. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
[24]
Yousif, N.A. and Al-Jawad, S.M.H. (2021) Influence of Laser Wavelength on Morphological and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Water. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1795, Article 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1795/1/012056
[25]
Zheng, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Huang, J., Xue, N. and Shi, Q. (2017) Optimal Location of Vanadium in Muscovite and Its Geometrical and Electronic Properties by DFT Calculation. Minerals, 7, Article 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7030032
[26]
Teich-McGoldrick, S.L., Greathouse, J.A. and Cygan, R.T. (2012) Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Muscovite: Pressure and Temperature Effects. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 15099-15107. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp303143s
[27]
Shafei, L., Adhikari, P. and Ching, W. (2021) DFT Study of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Kaolinite, Muscovite, and Montmorillonite. Crystals, 11, Article 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060618
[28]
Curtarolo, S., Hart, G.L.W., Nardelli, M.B., Mingo, N., Sanvito, S. and Levy, O. (2013) The High-Throughput Highway to Computational Materials Design. Nature Materials, 12, 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3568
[29]
Riedmaier, S., Danquah, B., Schick, B. and Diermeyer, F. (2021) Unified Framework and Survey for Model Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28, 2655-2688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09473-7
[30]
Oberkampf, W.L. and Roy, C.J. (2010) Verification and Validation in Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511760396
[31]
Coleman, H.W. and Steele, W.G. (2009) Experimentation, Validation, and Uncertainty Analysis for Engineers. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470485682
[32]
Taylor, J.R. (1997) An Introduction to Error Analysis, The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements. 2nd Edition, University Science Books.
[33]
Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (2008) Evaluation of Measurement Data-Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM 1995 with Minor Corrections). JCGM 100:2008.
[34]
Haitjema, H. (1998) Uncertainty Analysis of Roughness Standard Calibration Using Stylus Instruments. Precision Engineering, 22, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-6359(97)00090-1
[35]
Schwenke, H., Neuschaefer-Rube, U., Pfeifer, T. and Kunzmann, H, (2002) Optical Methods for Dimensional Metrology in Production Engineering. CIRP Annals, 51, 685-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61707-7
[36]
Sugioka, K., Meunier, M. and Piqué, A. (2010) Laser Precision Microfabrication. Springer Series in Materials Science, Vol. 135, Springer.
[37]
Singh, R.K. and Narayan, J. (1990) Pulsed-Laser Evaporation Technique for Deposition of Thin Films: Physics and Theoretical Model. Physical Review B, 41, 8843-8859. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.8843
[38]
Bonse, J., Hohm, S., Kirner, S.V., Rosenfeld, A. and Kruger, J. (2017) Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures—A Scientific Evergreen. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 23, Article 9000615. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2016.2614183
