Giant and Complex Lipomas of the Cervical Region: A Series of 3 Cases and a Review of the Literature

Lipomas of the cervical region represent rare clinicopathological entities whose management is determined by their size, consistency, and relationship to deep anatomical structures. We report a series of three cases illustrating the clinical polymorphism and diagnostic diversity of cervical lipomas. Case 1: A 42-year-old female patient with a giant pre-thyroid and pancervical lipoma that has been developing for 10 years, compressible, extending above the hyoid bone with pharyngeal extensions, simulating a compressive goiter (dyspnea, dysphagia). Case 2: A 68-year-old man presenting with a cervical swelling that has been evolving for several years, totally asymptomatic and painless, but accompanied by localized cervical hypoesthesia due to stretching of the cutaneous nerve branches of the superficial cervical plexus. Case 3: A child presenting with a submental and submandibular swelling, in close contact with the submandibular gland, posing the differential diagnosis of congenital and adenopathic swellings in children. In all cases, imaging (ultrasound and cervical CT scan) confirmed the lipomatous nature of the lesion and the preservation of a pericapsular densitometric cleavage plane. Complete en bloc surgical excision resulted in a cure without functional or neurological sequelae.