Hypovolemic Shock of Non-Traumatic Origin in the Emergency Department of the National Hospital Donka: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of hypovolemic shock of non-traumatic origin in the emergency department of Donka University Hospital in Conakry. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a 6-month period, from September 1, 2025, to February 28, 2026. We included all patients admitted for non-traumatic hypovolemic shock (defined as all patients with fluid or blood loss, without inflammatory syndrome, without a portal of entry, and without signs of heart failure or allergen exposure presenting with arterial hypotension, a thready or imperceptible pulse, and a CRT greater than 3 seconds), regardless of sex or origin, with an age ≥ 17 years, who agreed to participate in the study. We excluded from our study patients with incomplete records, mixed shock states, or transfers prior to evaluation. Recruitment was exhaustive, encompassing all cases of hypovolemic shock. The analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21. Data collection was done anonymously, and confidentiality was respected with the free and informed consent of the responsible persons. Results: During this study, we examined 160 cases of shock, including 85 cases of hypovolemic shock, representing a prevalence of 53.23%. Females were predominant (65.9%), with a female-to-male ratio of 0.52. In our series, the mean age was 42.7 years ± 13.4 years, ranging from 17 to 85 years. The 27 - 36 age group was the largest, representing 20% of patients. The reasons for admission were primarily altered general condition (73%), vomiting (48.5%), and diarrhea (37.6%). In our series, cold extremities were observed in 62.3% of patients, capillary refill time was prolonged in 36.5% of cases, and pallor was observed in 29.4% of patients. The main diagnoses retained were acute gastroenteritis (25%), diabetic decompensation (22.2%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (19%). Conclusion: Non-traumatic hypovolemic shock is a common emergency requiring rapid and appropriate management, primarily based on fluid resuscitation. The practitioner’s mastery of diagnostic and therapeutic methods is essential for improving the prognosis.