天津地区凡纳滨对虾“海兴农3号”生态养殖试验
Ecological Aquaculture Trial of Litopenaeus vannamei “Haixingnong No. 3” in the Tianjin Region

凡纳滨对虾自1996年首次引入天津，己成为天津市水产养殖的支柱产业，为农业增效、农民增收做出了巨大贡献，但种质退化、病害频发等问题一直困扰养殖生产。本研究以凡纳滨对虾新品种“海兴农3号”为试验对象，以养殖场连续两年养殖效果优异品系为对照，在相同养殖条件下开展了115 d的对比生态养殖试验。结果表明：“海兴农3号”终末平均体重(25.93 g)显著高于对照组(10.90 g) (P < 0.01)，试验组体重特定增长率5.28%，较对照组3.30%提高60.0%；试验组亩产量95.0 kg为对照组48.3 kg的1.97倍；试验组虾出塘单价40元/千克，亩产值3800元，对照组20元/千克，亩产值966元。在剔除塘租、人工、水电、苗种等相同成本因素后，“海兴农3号”因饲料投入增加导致成本上升183元/亩，但产值提升2834元/亩，相互抵消后每亩净增经济效益2651元，较对照组优势显著；分析两品种(系)成活率(P = 0.363)和病毒病发生率(P = 0.326)，均大于0.05，组间差异无统计学意义。两实验组在养殖中后期均出现白斑综合征病毒和十足目虹彩病毒1感染，经银翘板蓝根散内服控制后未造成大批量死亡。综合认为，“海兴农3号”对天津地区气候条件和养殖环境具有良好适应性，生长性能和经济效益优势显著，适宜在天津地区规模化推广养殖。
Litopenaeus vannamei was first introduced to Tianjin in 1996, and has become a pillar industry of aquaculture in Tianjin, which has made great contributions to agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income. However, problems such as germplasm degradation and frequent diseases have been plaguing aquaculture production. In this study, a new variety of Litopenaeus vannamei “Haixingnong No. 3” was used as the experimental object, and the strain with excellent breeding effect in the farm for two consecutive years was used as the control. Under the same breeding conditions, a comparative ecological breeding experiment was carried out for 115 days. The results showed that the average terminal weight (25.93 g) of “Haixingnong No. 3” was significantly higher than that of the control group (10.90 g) (P < 0.01), and the specific weight growth rate of the experimental group was 5.28%, which was 60.0% higher than that of the control group (3.30%). The yield per mu of the experimental group was 95.0 kg, which was 1.97 times that of the control group (48.3 kg). The unit price of shrimp in the experimental group is 40 yuan/kg, with an output value of 3800 yuan per mu, while that in the control group is 20 yuan/kg, with an output value of 966 yuan per mu. After excluding the same cost factors such as pond rent, labor, water and electricity, seedling and so on, the cost of “Haixingnong No. 3” increased by 183 yuan/mu due to the increase of feed input, but the output value increased by 2834 yuan/mu, and the net economic benefit per mu increased by 2651 yuan after mutual offset, which was significant compared with the control group. The survival rate (P = 0.363) and the incidence of virus disease (P = 0.326) of the two