Background: Rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe diarrhoea with dehydration in young children and are the fourth leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile, determine diagnostic time, performance indicators and the impact of rotavirus vaccine in children. Subjects and Method: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study of rotavirus surveillance data from the Gaoua sentinel site in 2135 children aged 0 to 59 months from 2013-2022 of whom 784 did not undergo ELISA testing. Microsoft Excel and Epi Info 7.2.2.6 were used for data analysis. Proportions, means, and medians were calculated. An univariable logistic regression was performed using a liberal significance threshold of p ≤ 0.20, followed by a multivariable logistic regression with a conventional threshold of p ≤ 0.05, in order to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (ORa) and the preventive fraction. Results: The prevalence was 27.10%. The 0 - 11-month age group was most affected (48.09%). The sex ratio was 1.56 Male/Female. The consultation, hospitalization and diagnosis times are respectively 3, 4 and 27 days. The performance indicators of rotavirus surveillance are 98.26% for the rate of samples collected, vaccination coverage was 80.14% among suspected rotavirus cases and 68.58% among confirmed cases, and 63.27% of tests carried out. Vaccine efficacy is 36% CI [12 - 53] (ORa = 0.644) (p = 0.0065). Conclusion: Rotavirus diarrhoea remains common in Burkina Faso. Vaccination coverage and testing rates are below the threshold required by the health system. The delay in diagnosis due to the health system is long. We recommend strengthening routine vaccination activities and diagnostic capacities.
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