Diagnosing adrenal insufficiency is challenging because its symptoms are nonspecific—such as nausea, fatigue and muscle weakness—overlap with those of many other medical diseases. Furthermore, in our hospital, cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) must be outsourced to external laboratories, resulting in a 3-to-4-day delay, obtaining cortisol and ACTH test results takes time; Eosinophils are checked during routine blood tests, eosinophilia is only a “nonspecific clue” and can not replace confirmatory tests such as cortisol/ACTH testing.
References
[1]
Perry, B.I. (2015) A Psychiatric Presentation of Adrenal Insufficiency: A Case Report. Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 17.
[2]
Yanase, T., Tajima, T., Katabami, T., Iwasaki, Y., Tanahashi, Y., Sugawara, A., et al. (2016) Diagnosis and Treatment of Adrenal Insufficiency Including Adrenal Crisis: A Japan Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. EndocrineJournal, 63, 765-784. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0242
[3]
Javorsky, B.R., Raff, H., Carroll, T.B., Algeciras-Schimnich, A., Singh, R.J., Colón-Franco, J.M., et al. (2021) New Cutoffs for the Biochemical Diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency after ACTH Stimulation Using Specific Cortisol Assays. JournaloftheEndocrineSociety, 5, bvab022. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab022
[4]
Kim, S.W., Mincho, Y. and Park, D.J. (2004) Diagostic Value of 1 Microgram Rapid ACTH Stimulation Test According to the Timing of Sampling of Serum Cortisol Inpatients with Suspected Central Adrenal Insufficiency. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19, 33-41
[5]
Thorn, G.W., Forsham, P.H., Prunty, F.T.G. and Hills, A.G. (1948) A Test for Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency. The Response to Pituitary and Renocorticotropic Hormone. JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation, 137, 1005-1009. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1948.02890460001001
[6]
Beishuizen, A., Vermes, I., Hylkema, B.S. and Haanen, C. (1999) Relative Eosinophilla and Functional Adrenal Insufficiency in Critically Ill Patients. TheLancet, 353, 1675-1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01346-x
[7]
Yamauchi, I., Taura, D., Hakata, T., Fujita, H., Okamoto, K., Ueda, Y., et al. (2020) Clinical Features and Thyroid Dysfunction in Adverse Events Involving the Pituitary Gland during PD‐1 Blockade Therapy. ClinicalEndocrinology, 94, 258-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14349
[8]
Ariyasu, R., Horiike, A., Yoshizawa, T. and Dotsu, Y. (2017) Adrenal Insufficiency Related to Anti-Programed Death-1 Therapy. Anticancer Research, 37, 4229-4232.
[9]
Black, S., Kushner, I. and Samols, D. (2004) C-Reactive Protein. JournalofBiologicalChemistry, 279, 48487-48490. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r400025200
[10]
Park, T.Y., Jung, J., Jang, J.Y., Choi, J.C., Shin, J.W., Park, I.W., et al. (2018) Peripheral Eosinophilia and Clinico-Radiological Characteristics among Health Screening Program Recipients. TuberculosisandRespiratoryDiseases, 81, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2017.0039
[11]
Stefano, D. and Amoroso, A. (2005) Clinical Approach to the Patient with Blood Eosinophilia. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 37, 380-386.
[12]
Coutinho, A.E. and Chapman, K.E. (2011) The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Glucocorticoids, Recent Developments and Mechanistic Insights. MolecularandCellularEndocrinology, 335, 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005
[13]
Kandikattu, H.K., Upparahalli Venkateshaiah, S. and Mishra, A. (2019) Synergy of Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-18 in Eosinophil Mediated Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases. Cytokine&GrowthFactorReviews, 47, 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.003
[14]
Schleimer, R.P. and Bochner, B.S. (1994) The Effects of Glucocorticoids on Human Eosinophils. JournalofAllergyandClinicalImmunology, 94, 1202-1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(94)90333-6
[15]
Boyer, M.H., Basten, A. and Beeson, P.B. (1970) Mechanism of Eosinophilia. III. Suppression of Eosinophilia by Agents Known to Modify Immune Responses. Blood, 36, 458-469. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v36.4.458.458