Analysis of Oxidized LDL as a Biomarker for the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases in High-Risk Subjects in Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)

Cardiovascular diseases represent a real public health problem worldwide, and sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing an increasing prevalence of cases of diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and dyslipidemia that need to be detected early for better management. Comparing the results of traditional monitoring with those of emerging biomarkers such as oxidized LDL could help to adjust surveillance measures, especially screening for these pathologies. Hence the interest of this study, which consisted in analyzing the expression of oxidized LDL within the population of Brazzaville. 533 patients were included in this study, distributed among 326 apparently healthy subjects (of whom 51 were diagnosed with high blood pressure, 25 with T2D and 4 with both), then 207 sick subjects presenting 123 cases of high blood pressure and 84 cases of T2D. Among these subjects who were already ill, we also detected comorbidities, which allowed us to group our study population into 10 groups. The classical lipid profile compared to the expression of oxidized LDL in the subjects tested showed no statistical difference between these groups for the classical lipid profile, whereas the difference was statistically proven for oxidized LDL values. Especially when they had other risk factors. Oxidized LDL appears to be more strongly associated low-grade vascular inflammation; during the formation of atherosclerotic plaques as well as during the classic lipid assessment. They need to be used in preventive monitoring reports on the advent of cardiovascular pathologies.