Engineering Innovations in E-Mobility Remanufacturing and Re-Engineering for Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency

This paper examines engineering innovations in the fields of e-mobility remanufacturing and re-engineering to understand how they contribute to the development of the circular economy and resource efficiency. The study focuses on one dependent variable that is resource efficiency in e-mobility remanufacturing and four independent variables, including remanufacturing technology innovation, battery re-engineering practices, material recovery and recycling processes, and design for disassembly and reuse. The paper addresses the surge in electric mobility, lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, chargers, controllers, inverters, and power electronics, and critical minerals that will need responsible lifecycle management. The study is conducted with a qualitative evaluation of secondary sources of literature, policy documents, and institutional reports, demonstrating that resource efficiency or the reduction of the amount of resources used is maximized when e-mobility components are tested, repaired, upgraded, remanufactured, repurposed, and recycled within controlled engineering systems. Remanufacturing technology innovation enhances component restoration and helps prevent premature disposal. Practices in battery re-engineering aid in second-life use and battery value extension. The materials recovery and recycling (MRR) facilities minimize loss of precious materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminum, and more. Design of disassembly and reusability: cost and complexity of repair, remanufacture, and recycling are reduced. In conclusion, the paper argues that the aim of e-mobility to realize the circular economy potential can only be fulfilled by designing and managing EV components for long-term use, not for early disposal. It proposes national standards for remanufacturing, battery diagnostics and passport systems, certified technician training, second-life battery guidelines, material recovery infrastructure, circular procurement policies, and more robust EPR policies for Kenya.