High Blood Pressure and Diabetes: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects and Management in 132 Patients Admitted to the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus are two of the leading chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide and represent major risk factors for cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular diseases. The coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in the same patient significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, chronic kidney disease, and premature mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile and management of patients admitted to the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital for hypertension and diabetes. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months, from December 13, 2022 to June 13, 2023 of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital. The study population included all patients admitted for outpatient consultations and hospitalized in cardiology departments and then in medical emergencies for arterial hypertension and diabetes. Results: Out of a total of 5068 consultations recorded during the study period, 132 patients presented with a combination of diabetes and hypertension, representing approximately 2.6% of all consultations. The 61 - 67 years age group was the most represented, accounting for 26.5% of participants. The distribution according to socio-professional category showed a predominance of housewives (30.0%). Most patients were managed in the cardiology department, which accounted for 36.4% of cases. The main reasons for consultation at admission were palpitations (18.0%), followed by polydipsia (17.0%), polyuria (16.0%), and polyphagia (14.0%). Stroke was the most frequent complication (14.0%), followed by renal failure (12.0%). Metformin was the most commonly used antidiabetic drug (64.6%), in accordance with international recommendations for the initial treatment of type 2 diabetes. The majority of patients (60.6%) showed a favorable outcome, reflecting a good response to treatment and effective management. Conclusion: The coexistence of hypertension and diabetes mainly affects middle-aged and older adults, with a predominance of type 2 diabetes and severe complications such as stroke and renal failure.